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1

Estimation of red-deer [Cervus elaphus] condition from Central-Eastern Poland on the basis of the thickness of external fat layer and kidney fat index

100%
Drozd L., Karpinski M., Piwniuk J.
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska. Sectio EE: Zootechnica
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2000
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tom 18
2
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The use of radiography for measurements of the medullary cavity in the metacarpal bone in the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus for assessment of ontogenetic quality - preliminary study

84%
Czyzowski P., Okrasa A., Beeger S., Karpinski M.
Roczniki Naukowe Polskiego Towarzystwa Zootechnicznego
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2021
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tom 17
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nr 4
3

Quality of individual roe deer males (Capreolus capreolus L.) during the 5-month-long hunting season: possible impact on the reproduction rate

84%
Czyzowski P., Karpinski M., Goleman M., Drozd L.
Polish Journal of Ecology
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2015
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tom 63
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nr 2
The aim of this study was to assess changes in parameters (body weight, fat stores, antler weight, serum creatinine level) describing the condition of individual roe deer males (Capreolus capreolus) in subsequent months of the hunting season. The idea was if the current timing of the buck hunting season affects the quality of specimens obtained from the population, which may result in distorting its reproduction-related processes. The study included 443 carcasses of bucks harvested in the Lublin region (Central Poland) from 2006 to 2011. The average carcass weight in May and June was significantly higher than in the other months. Perirenal fat weight and the kidney fat index (KFI) decreased with the progression of the hunting season. With regard to the average level of serum creatinine in blood, there was no definite trend in the variation of this parameter during the hunting season. However, a significantly higher average antler weight was observed in May compared to June. The shooting of a large number of bucks in the first weeks of the hunting season may cause the elimination of the best individuals in the habitat, which have established and maintained their territory and are fully prepared for reproduction. This results in a complete disruption of the social structure of the local deer population. A solution to this problem could be uniform distribution of volume harvested during the whole hunting season or postponing the hunting season for bucks until September, when the estrus season has finished, and the strongest males have passed on their valuable genes to the population.
4
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Assessment of selected indicators of the individual condition of roe deer Capreolus capreolus in the closed hunting season

84%
Czyzowski P., Okrasa A., Karpinski M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
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2020
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tom 19
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nr 4
5

Reproductive parameters, kidney fat index, and grazing activity relationships between the sexes in Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parva

84%
Perez-Barberia F. J., Mutuberria G., Nores C.
Acta Theriologica
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1998
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tom 43
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nr 3
Reproductive parameters, kidney fat index and grazing activity of both sexes of Cantabrian chamois Rupicapra pyrenaica parua (Cabrera, 1910) in relation to age, season and year are presented and compared with those of other chamois subspecies and cervids. Females younger than three years old had not ovulated. Ovulated ovaries were significantly heavier than non-ovulated ovaries in March-April, and these dif­ferences remained until the following rutting season. All pregnant females carried a single foetus. A significant decrease in the percentage of parous females was found in 3-11 years age class (94%) compared with > 11 years (50%). There were no differences in the kidney fat index (KFI) between age classes for either of the sexes throughout the study period. Females showed a significant higher KFI in August­-October 1993 than in August-October 1992, coinciding with a significantly greater abundance of grass in 1993. Throughout the year KFI in females showed less fluc­tuations than in mates. Males began the rutting season with a significant KFI three times higher than did females. However, by the spring, the KFI of the mates had fallen to half of that of the females. In March-April pregnant females showed a significantly higher KFI than non-pregnant or late-conception adult females. Feeding activity of females and sward height throughout the year were inversely related. Females grazed more actively than males in the summer, rut and spring, except in winter where no differences in feeding activity between sexes were found. The dif­ferences in the KFI and feeding activity are discussed in relation to the parental investment and the sexual dimorphism-body size theory.
6

Physical condition of red deer in a high density population

84%
Dzieciolowski R., Babinska-Werka J., Wasilewski M., Goszczynski J.
Acta Theriologica
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1996
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tom 41
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nr 1
Physical condition in a living at high density (120 individuals/1000 ha of forest area) red deer Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 population was studied by determining: dressed body weight, kidney fat index (KFI) and amount of visceral fat in 628 animals. Antler weights were also considered as condition index of stags. The mean body weight of calves of both sexes was identical, ie 38.0 kg, that of hinds fluctuated from 57.8 to 75.1 kg, stags - from 63.2 to 132.4 kg depending upon age. The KFI value for female and male calves, hinds, and stags at various age amounted respectively to: 1.54, 1 36, 1.60-1.76, and 1.17-2.69. Per cent of individuals with great amount of visceral fat amounted: in female calves - to 39.4, in male calves - 33.3, in hinds - 47.6-66.7, and in stags — 20.0-100.0% depending upon age. Maximum weight of antlers was 4.2 kg. Despite high population density animals indicated generally good physical condition. Except that the condition of calves of both sexes has been maintained at a similar level, what evidenced an inferior condition of males during their growth. Males in contrast to females, reveal serious decline of condition following the rut, during autumn and winter. It was related to stag age and most marked in the animals of the oldest age-classes (no less than by 40%). Factors affecting the condition of red deer in their population from the Słowiński National Park were discussed.
7

Spermatozoan numbers and testicular characteristics of male white-tailed deer fawns during the mating season

84%
Peles J. D., Rhodes O. E., Smith M. H.
Acta Theriologica
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2000
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tom 45
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nr 1
Testicular spermatozoan numbers, testes weight, testes length, body weight, and kidney fat index (KFI) were obtained for male white-tailed deer Odocoileus virginianus (Zimmerman, 1780) fawns during the mating season at the Savannah River Site (SRS) in South Carolina, Mean values for testicular spermatozoa, testes weight, and testes length increased significantly over the study period (late October - late December) whereas body weight and KFI did not change with time. Testicular spermatozoa were found in 28% of all fawns examined and the proportion of sexually mature fawns increased greatly over the course of the study and was highest during December. These findings suggest that mate fawns breed later than adults at a time that coincides with the mean conception date in doe fawns. Testes weight, testes length, body weight, and KFI were significantly greater in fawns with testicular spermatozoa compared to those without testicular spermatozoa. We suggest that testes weight is closely associated with the presence of testicular spermatozoa in fawns from SRS.
8
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Wskaznik tluszczu okolonerkowego [KFI] u kozlow [Capreolus capreolus]

59%
Karpinski M., Czyzowski P., Drozd L.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Zootechnica
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2008
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tom 07
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nr 1
33-37
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