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Biodiversity of mycocoenoses of oral cavity, throat and nose of children aged 6-15 years. The purpose of this study was analysis of biodiversity of mycoflora in selected ontocenoses of healthy children. The material for the study was consisted of swabs taken from oral cavity, pharynx, and nose of healthy children: 128 girls and 142 boys. The material for the study was collected in May and November, dividing the children into two age groups: 6-9 years and 10-15 years. A total of 13 species representing 5 genera: Candida, Rhodotorula, Saccharomyces, Saccharomycopsis and Trichosporon were found in the material studied. The dominant group were yeasts-like fungi. Candida albicans, the basic etiological factor of the majority of mycotic diseases in humans, was found most frequently. Appearance of Candida glabrata and C. krusei is a reason for concern, as increasing numbers of their strains are resistant to basic antimycotic drugs, as weil as relatively frequent appearance of Trichosporon beigelii, Saccharomycopsis capsularis, and Saccharomyces sp. - the fungi showing increasing expansiveness and enzymatic activity. The fungi were most frequently isolated from oral cavity and pharynx. No phenological changes in fungal prevalence were found in the pharynx. In the other ontocenoses fungi were found much more frequently in the spring than in the autumn. Regardless of the season, the largest fluctuations in biodiversity and numbers of the studied mycocoenoses were observed in the oral cavity and nose - the organs that come into direct contact with environmental contaminants and many agents of transmission for potentially pathological fungi.
The complexity of respiratory diseases in pigs, which results from simultaneous infections with many microorganisms and environmental conditions in the pig facilities, leads to diagnostic difficulties. In order to assess the health status of the herd, monitoring is commonly used. It provides useful information, for example, about the seasonality of diseases, as well as the variety and dynamics of macroscopic lesions in the lungs depending on the preventive program used. One way to monitor respiratory diseases in pigs is to score lesions in the respiratory system. The scoring of lesions should be an integral part of diagnostic investigations. The aim of the paper is to describe and evaluate selected systems for the scoring of macroscopic lesions in the lungs during post-mortem examination. Some of these systems assess the severity of atrophic changes in the nasal cavity caused by infectious atrophic rhinitis in pigs. Another type of respiratory tract assessment is the evaluation (scoring) of lesions resulting from infection by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in the course of mycoplasmal pneumonia of swine. A number of scoring systems and their modifications have been described in the literature for this type of lesions. Various methods have also been devised for the scoring of macroscopic lesions in the pig lungs described as pleurisy. Regardless of the method used, these examinations are useful diagnostically and complement other types of diagnostic examinations. They are important primarily in the course of subacute and chronic forms of disease or infections associated with atypical clinical signs.
W górnych drogach oddechowych (GDO) stale lub okresowo mogą znajdować się gatunki bakterii, które w sprzyjających warunkach mogą być przyczyną zakażenia. Badania bakteriologiczne (wymazy z nosa i gardła) wykonano u 201 pacjentów z objawami infekcji GDO leczonych ambulatoryjnie. Izolowano oraz oznaczano lekowrażliwość: S. aureus, H. influenzae, S. pneumoniae, M. całarrhalis, paciorkowce grupy A, B, C, G. Wszystkie paciorkowce wykazywały wrażliwość na penicylinę, nieliczne były oporne na makrolidy i linkozamidy. Stwierdzono niewielki odsetek szczepów H. influenzae opornych na penicylinę i kotrimoksazol. Nie wyhodowano szczepów opornych na azytromycynę. Wszystkie szczepy M. catarrhalis były oporne na penicylinę.
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