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The aim of the study was to verify the hypothesis that the quality of male roe deer hunted in the Kielce region depends on the selected characteristics of the place of their earlier habitat (forest cover, soil) and the age of the individuals. As a criteria to verify that hypothesis we chose carcass weight, weight and height of the antlers and skull dimensions. Material consisted of carcasses and antlers of 1349 bucks harvested in 169 hunting districts in the Kielce region (central Poland). We found that the individual quality of male roe deer was diverse. Significant impact was found for the forest cover, diversity of soil types and age of the individuals. Roe deer with the smallest carcass weight, having significantly lighter antlers occurred in areas with the forest cover of over 40% (tab. 1). In turn, in the filed−type circuits, where the forest cover does not exceed 20%, bucks were much heavier and imposed massive antlers (fig. 1). There was also evidence that in areas where the fertile soil dominated (rendzina and chernozems) individual quality of deer was significantly better than in districts where poor fawn and rust soils predominated (fig. 2). The examined environmental factors had the greatest impact on carcass or antlers weight, as well as the dimensions of deer skulls in case of the youngest bucks and their impact decreased with age. Optimum of the individual's development in terms of carcass weight and antler falls at the age of seven. Bucks harvested in the Kielce region, in comparison to the other populations in Poland, were characterized by good individual quality and slightly subsided only to individuals from the Lublin Upland (tab. 2).
The aim of this study was to analyze changes in body weight and the level of serum creatinine of farm fallow deer depending on age and season of the year, and to attempt to use these results to evaluate their individual health. Research material constituted blood samples from 47 females of Dama dama fallow deer from farming stock. Blood samples were collected twice from the external jugular vein from the same individuals at two intervals - in winter and in spring. The animals were weighed at the same time, with an accuracy of 0.5 kg. Serum creatinine was determined using a spectrophotometric apparatus for the analysis of “BS 300” biochemical blood serum. After comparing the results of body-weight measurements taken in both periods, it was observed that the average body weight of fallow deer weighed in April decreased by about 4% of the value obtained at the beginning of winter. A statistically highly significant decrease in the average level of creatinine in blood serum sampled in the spring was found, which amounted to over 26% compared with the serum of blood taken in December. With the age of the fallow deer the average level of serum creatinine increased, but a significant difference was found only between one-year and seven-year old individuals. In winter the condition of individual animals deteriorates, which is illustrated by body weight loss. At the same time the level of creatinine in blood serum decreases significantly, which is a consequence of the decrease in muscle mass and reduced physical activity of animals in winter. These results indicate that the decrease in creatinine levels in blood serum in healthy animals (not associated with impaired renal function) can be used to assess the welfare of wildlife animals as an indicator of individual health deterioration.
The aim of the study was to examine individual quality of red deer males occurring in the Dulowa Forest (S Poland). Carcass weight as well as form and weight of antlers were the main criteria. Analysed deer characterized with good quality of the inter−individual, as shown by the higher (or similar) average carcass and antlers weight compared to the individuals hunted in other regions. In addition high quality of the inter− −individual demonstrated by the fact that 17,4% deer had antlers with a medal. The maximum average weight of antlers (7.29 kg) was observed for thirteen−years−old animals, while the culmination of carcass weight (159.8 kg) occurred for twelve−years−old individuals. Weight of the antlers was significantly correlated with age (r=0.88), carcass weight (r=0.84) and form of antlers (r=0.79).
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