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In 428 samples of silage the pH value was determined with the use of test paper and a pH - meter N-517. The level of NH₃ was determined with Conway method and with the indicatory method. The level of sugar uas determined with Glucotest and the content of acids (lactic, acetic, butyric) with Lepper method. Qn the baeie of the results statistic correlations were calculated and that allowed to work out a new method of silage quality evaluation. This method is based on the use of indicatory methods to indicate pH, NH₃ and sugar. The achieved data get points and the score is the base of classifying the silage to a proper class.
Ensiling capacity and quality of silage were studied as a part of ecosystem research of seminatural, oversown and temporary grasslands. The ensiling capacity was influenced especially by a level of fertilizer nitrogen (N) application and frequency of cuts. The highest content of water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) and the lowest content of crude protein (CP) was recorded at the 1st cut, but the silage quality was very poor at this cut. Therefore, wilting is necessary at low dry matter (DM) content in herbage. With rising cutting frequencies, CP content increased (r = 0,8221⁺⁺) and WSC content decreased (r = - 0,6689⁺⁺). The lowest WSC content was recorded in oversown grassland and the highest one in temporary sward. Intensive application of N fertilizer showed impact on chemical com position of sward. The content of CP was rising and WSC content decreased (r = - 0,4040⁺). As a result, ensilage capacity deteriorated (Table 1). Silage from the 1st cut had the poorest quality characterized by the highest content of ammonia, free amino-acids and high concentration of butyric acid. The best quality of silage was recorded at the 3rd cut.
Studies were conducted on the utility in making silages of red clover or Italian ryegrass and of their mixtures, resulted from two-crop cultivation or pure sowing, using Laktomix agent lied clover was harvested in a stage of budding while Italian ryegrass in a stage of advanced earing. After being 2 em-chopped the mixture was ensiled in 5 l -plastic containers with a supplement or 0.1-0.15% powdered Laktomix, which contained 4.6 x 10^7/g of live bacteria of the lactic acid. In the silages obtained the following parameters were determined pH. the content of N-NH3, the levels of lactic, acctic and butyric acids and alcohol. In addition, silages were estimated using the Flieg's key. The results obtained have shown that Italian ryegrass and its mixture with red clover make up a better stuff for silage than red clover alone, cultivated from pure sowing. A supplement of Laktomix had an advantageous effect on the fermentation process and silage quality, reducing sugar losses during fermentation, particularly when ensiling mixtures of Italian ryegrass and red clover.
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