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Hookworms are blood feeding intestinal nematodes that infect more than 500 million people and cause iron deficiency anemia. Infected children suffer from physical and cognitive growth retardation. Because of potential anthelminthic drug resistance, the need for vaccine development is urgent. Numerous antigens have been tested in animal models as vaccines against hookworm infection, but there is no effective human vaccine. We cloned a cDNA encoding Ancylostoma ceylanicum metalloprotease 6 (Acemep-6). Ace-MEP-6 is a protein with a predicted molecular mass of 101.87 kDa and based on computational analysis it is very likely to be engaged in food processing via hemoglobin digestion. Groups of hamsters were immunized with an Ace-mep-6 cDNA vaccine, either once or three times. Animals that were administered one dose developed high resistance (80%, p < 0.01) against challenge infection, whereas triple immunization resulted in no worm burden reduction. These results suggest that DNA vaccines can be powerful tools in ancylostomiasis control, although the mechanisms through which protection is conferred remain unclear.
The aim of the study was to evaluate the composition of the cyathostomin species (Cyathostominae) in horses kept in the housed-pasture system. Specimens were collected in 2009 from the feces of 14 horses after treatment with Grovermina (1% ivermectin). Among 21,371 specimens collected, 19 species of cyathostomins were found. The most abundant genera were Cyathostomum, Cylicostephanus and Cylicocyclus, which constituted 93.56% of the total Cyathostominae community. Cylicocyclus brevicapsulatus was found for the first time in Poland.
Two new nematode species, Rhabdochona salgadoi sp. n. and Spinitectus humbertoi sp. n., are described on the basis of specimens recovered from the intestine of Profundulus labialis (Günther) (Cyprinodontidae) from a brook near Inzcuinatoyac (the Pacific Ocean basin), Guerrero, Mexico. Rhabdochona salgadoi is characterised largely by the presence of 16 anterior teeth in the prostom and their arrangement, shape of the oral opening, absence of papilla-like structures on the margin of oral aperture, broad distal tip of the larger (left) spicule bearing a membrane, and by the tail tip of females (ending in a terminal formation bearing small cuticular processes). Spinitectus humbertoi is noted for possessing a characteristic spination of the cuticle separated into 4 longitudinal sectors, more or less regularly spaced rings with small variation in size and number (36-38 in first ring) of spines in the visible rings, and for the situation of the excretory pore between the seventh and the eighth rings of spines.
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