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1

Habitat preferences of four sympatric species of shrews

100%
Rychlik L.
Acta Theriologica. Supplement
|
2000
|
tom 45
|
nr 1
2

Long-term dynamics of bank vole Clethrionomys glareolus at Pallasjarvi, Northern Finnish Taiga

100%
Henttonen H.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2000
|
tom 48
|
nr Suppl.
3

Experiments with crop mixtures: interactions, designs and interpretation

84%
Sobkowicz P., Podgorska-Lesiak M.
Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series Agronomy
|
2007
|
tom 10
|
nr 2
4

Formica rufa L. protects indirectly F.fusca L. against raids of F.sanguinea Latr. [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]

84%
Czechowski W., Vepsalainen K.
Annales Zoologici
|
2001
|
tom 51
|
nr 3
By protecting their territory against all territorial ants, Formica rufa L. indirectly protected F. fusca L., nesting within their territory, against F. sanguinea Latr. raids. The permanent costs to F. fusca caused by highly aggressive F. rufa within their territories were outweighed by the benefits obtained by F. rufa’s protection against periodic raids of F. sanguinea. We interprete our findings in the light of the hierarchy competitive framework as follows.
5

The pattern of space utilization by populations of roe-deer, red deer and wild boar

84%
Jezierski W.
Forestry
|
2001
|
tom 04
6

Agonistic interactions between resident and immigrant sympatric water shrews: Neomys fodiens and N.anomalus

84%
Krushinska N. L., Rychlik L., Pucek Z.
Acta Theriologica
|
1994
|
tom 39
|
nr 3
Behavioral mechanisms which control resident-immigrant relations in wild popula­tions of Neomys fodiens (Pennant, 1771) and N. anomalus Cabrera, 1907 were studied by quantitative analysis of agonistic interactions between animals inhabiting the enclosure for at least 1 week ('residents') and animals newly introduced ('immigrants'). Tested animals (46 N. fodiens and 24 N. anomalus) were observed in one- and two-species groups or pairs in enclosures of 275 x 135 or 135 x 135 cm built in a laboratory room. During 214 hours of direct observation, social behaviour and patterns of hiding place usage were registered. Individual occupation of the neat boxes, a great number of conflicts among/bdiens-'residents', and a targe number of conflicts between /bdiens-'immigrants' and -'residents' suggest that strong territorial competition in breeding females and strong competition for females in adult males occur between residents and immigrants of the wild N. /odtercs-populations. Group occupation of the nest boxes, a very low degree of aggressiveness among anoma/iis-'residents' and the tolerant interactions between anom.a/«s-'immigrants' and -'residents' suggest that, in wild populations, N. anomalus are gregarious and inhabit given areas in groups. The low number of interspecific conflicts between 'residents' suggests that in the two-spe­cies stabilized groups, behavioral mechanisms exist, which allow N. anomalus to avoid conflicts with the more aggressive N. fodiens. Since the number of conflicts between /bdiercs-'residents' and arioma/us-'immigrants' is much greater than between 'residents' of the two species, it seems that these mechanisms are active learning rather than simple habituation. The decrease in the number of interspecific conflicts within 1-3 days suggests high efficiency of these mechanisms.
7

Nest-site characteristcs of hole-nesting birds in a primeval boreal forest of Mongolia

67%
Bai M. L., Wichmann F., Muhlenberg M.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2005
|
tom 40
|
nr 1
1-14
Nest sites of nine common hole-nesting bird species were studied in the West Khentey Mountains, NE Mongolia. Among three excavators, the Great Spotfed Woodpecker used more aspens, larger trees, and more living or intact dead trees than the Lesser Spotted Woodpecker or the Willow Tit. Among non-excavators, the Nuthatch used mainly old holes of the Great Spotted Woodpecker, and the Red-throated Flycatcher frequently used those of the Willow Tit. Thus, the nest site characters of these two species resembled those of the original excavators, and their nests were placed higher than those of other non-excavators. The Coal Tit and the Great Tit used mostly branch holes in living trees. With respect to nest site use, the Daurian Redstart behaved as a generalist while the Common Treecreeper specialized in long slits. The nest site selection of excavators might be governed by body size, territory size and their different abilities of excavation. The non-excavators were best differentiated by their preferred hole type, and their tree use and nest site characters were mainly a consequence of the location of such holes. Interspecific competition did not appear to be important in the nest site use of hole-nesting birds in the study area.
8

Effects of nutrient availability and competition between two grass species Leymus chinensis [Trin.] Tzvel. and Phragmites communis Trin. on the plant performance

67%
Ba L., Xiao N., Xu W., Wang D.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2008
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
453-462
Leymus chinensis (Trin.) Tzvel., a perennial grass, is a dominant species from arid to semi-arid steppes in northern China and eastern Mongolia. Phragmites communis Trin. is also a perennial grass, and is distributed widely in the world. In the natural grasslands of northeastern China, both species always co-exist as co-dominating species due to their common characteristics such as propagation both by seeds and vegetative reproduction. Replacement series experiments were used to test the effects of nutrient availability and competitive interaction on the growth performance of two clonal plant species. The experimental treatments included five nutrient levels (3.6, 7.2, 10.8, 14.4 and 18.0 kg organic matter per pot, 20 cm diameter and 15 cm deep) and five species proportions (20:0, 16:4, 10:10, 4:16 and 0:20 for L. chinensis and P. communis, respectively) with twenty tillers in total per pot. Each treatment had 10 replications. Growth characteristics including tiller height, tiller number, plant biomass, rhizome length and bud number of plants in monoculture and mixture culture were recorded and compared to examine the effects of nutrient and competitive interaction on the plant performance. The growth of L. chinensis and P. communis in mixture was influenced by the nutrient availability and competition, which depended on the combination between nutrient level and species proportion. The results implied that the intensity of competition should be lower in nutrient-poor habitats when the co-existing species demanded on the same limiting resource. P. communis benefited from coexisting with L. chinensis, especially under nutrient-rich conditions. The aboveground relative yield (RYabove) expressed in units of tiller height, dry biomass and daughter tiller number was recommended as an effective and simple index to predict the relative competitive ability for clonal plants. It was based on the regression for RY above and RYbelow (the belowground relative yield) against RY (relative yield), measured as yield in mixture divided by that in monoculture.
9

Differences in the nestling diets of sympatric Redstarts Phoenicurus phoenicurus and Black Redstarts P. ochruros: Species-specific preferences or responses to food supply?

67%
Sedlacek O., Fuchs R., Exnerova A.
Acta Ornithologica
|
2007
|
tom 42
|
nr 1
99-106
10

Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) of Chelmowa Gora in the Swietokrzyski National Park

67%
Rzeszowski K., Babik H., Czechowski W., Marko B.
Fragmenta Faunistica
|
2013
|
tom 56
|
nr 1
Species composition, nest densities and ecological profiles of ant communities in three main typical forest habitats of Chełmowa Góra (Chełmowa Mount) in the Świętokrzyski National Park were studied: fertile Carpathian beech forest Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, subcontinental linden-oak-hornbeam forest Tilio-Carpinetum (marginal zone and interior), continental mixed pine forest Querco roboris-Pinetum (marginal zone and interior). Additionally, a moist rye-grass meadow Arrhenatheretum elatioris adjacent to the mixed pine forest was also surveyed. Nest samples were collected by searching quadrats of different sizes (1 m2, 10 m2, 100 m2). In total, 16 species were found. Ant communities of the studied habitats differed from each other in their composition, abundance and structure. In respect of nest density, Myrmica ruginodis Nyl. dominated in Tilio-Carpinetum (in both forest zones) and in the interior of Querco roboris-Pinetum, Formica polyctena Först. in the marginal zone of Querco roboris-Pinetum and in Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum, and Lasius niger (L.) in the meadow. The results are discussed in the contexts of the former data from this region, and the possible community-forming impact of the local 'supercolony' of F. polyctena
11

Corpse carrying in ants [Hymenoptera: Formicidae]: behavioural side effect of aggressive arousal or competitive signalling?

67%
Czechowski W., Marko B., Godzinska E. J.
Polish Journal of Ecology
|
2009
|
tom 57
|
nr 2
341-352
Some literature reports show that ants use bodies of their dead nestmates and other insect remains in conflict situations. The paper describes such phenomenon in a Formica rufa L. colony brought into conflict with a F. cinerea Mayr colony when the former tried to extend its own territory at the expense of the latter. A territorially stable F. rufa colony, neighbouring the same F. cinerea colony, served as control. Workers of the expansive F. rufa colony were repeatedly observed to carry numerous ant corpses, empty pupal cocoons and insect leftovers from their nest to the place of confrontation with F. cinerea, on a much bigger scale than workers of the stable F. rufa colony. Corpse-carrying intensity was not correlated with the general activity level of foragers which suggests that corpse carriers could be a separate task group. Workers of a small colony of F. cinerea were also observed to surround their nest entrance with corpses of their nestmates and prey remains, taken out from inside the nest, in response to intensified traffic of workers of F. rufa in the vicinity of their nest. These results are discussed in the context of a possible interrelation between ant aggressive behaviour and transport behaviour. Two hypotheses are proposed to explain the observed phenomenon: (1) explaining it as a by-product of the aggressive arousal of workers, and (2) ascribing to it a possible signalling function in conflict situations.
12

Predation follows competition in depth selection behaviour of Cladocera in a deep lake [E Poland]

67%
Adamczuk M.
Biological Letters
|
2009
|
tom 46
|
nr 1
31-38
13

Uncomfortable protection: Formica polyctena Forst. shelters Formica fusca L. from Formica sanguinea Latr. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

67%
Czechowski W., Marko B.
Annales Zoologici
|
2006
|
tom 56
|
nr 3
The wood ant Formica polyctena Först, is a territorial species, a regular top dominant of ant communities in forests. Its colonies defend their whole foraging areas (territories) against other territorial ants, including F. sanguinea Latr., a common facultative slave-maker. The most frequent ‘victim’ ol F. sanguinea is F. fusca L., a ubiquitous submissive ant species. On the basis of some earlier observations, the presumption was made that F. polyctena, when defending its own territories, would indirectly protect F. fusca colonies, which nest within these territories, from F. sanguinea raids. It was expected that F. fusca should be more abundant in F. polyctena territories, than in F. sanguinea territories, while other subordinate ants, which are not potential slaves of F. sanguinea, should not show such difference. This hypothesis was supported by the results of the baiting experiments carried out in the Białowieża Forest, NE Poland. The findings are discussed in the context of interspecific competition hierarchy in ants.
14

Contributions to striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius population dynamics in forest edge habitat

67%
Horvath G., Trocsanyi B., Tolgyesi M., Matics R.
Polish Ecological Studies
|
1996
|
tom 22
|
nr 3-4
15

Habitat and food preferences in a guild of insectivorous mammals in the Western Pyrenees

67%
Castien E., Gosalbez J.
Acta Theriologica
|
1999
|
tom 44
|
nr 1
The use of trophic and spatial resources in a guild composed of five species of insectivorous mammals (Galemys pyrenaicus, Talpa europaea, Neomys fodiens, Sorex coronatus, and Sorex minutus) was studied. The characteristics of the macrohabitat were studied based on data from trap lines. Those pertaining to the microhabitat were examined through a study of the sites where each animal was caught. The diet was studied by analysis of the digestive tract as well as the availability of resources in various microhabitats. The results show a high level of segregation in the use of trophic resources. The microhabitat used on the ground surface has a low level of segregation among the shrews. A comparison of the diet of each species with the results from the invertebrate sampling carried out in different microhabitats (water, subsoil, humus, ground surface) shows that there is a relation between the food consumed and its availability in the microhabitats utilised by each species. This study suggests that the coexistence among the insectivorous species studied may be ex­plained by the use of the microhabitat and diet segregation. The differences in diet would be a consequence of the use of different microhabitats. Servicio de Conservacion de la Biodiversidad, Gobierno de Navarra, C.I Alhóndiga 1, 31002 Pamplona, Spain (EC); Departament de Biologia Animal, Facultat de Biologia, Universität de Barcelona, Avgda. Diagonal 645, 08028 Barcelona, Spain (JG)
16

Overlap of temporal niches among four sympatric species of shrews

67%
Rychlik L.
Acta Theriologica
|
2005
|
tom 50
|
nr 2
Hypotheses about the dependence of circadian activity from metabolic rate and the segregation of temporal niches among competing species were verified by the study of activity patterns in a shrew community of two semiaquatic species,Neomys anomalus Cabrera, 1907 andN. fodiens (Pennant, 1771), and two terrestrial species,Sorex araneus Linnaeus, 1758 andS. minutus Linnaeus, 1766, co-existing in wet habitats of Białowieża Forest (E Poland). In ten trapping sessions, performed in early summer between 1991 and 2000, traps were open 24 hours continuously and patrolled at 1:00, 5:00, 10:00, 15:00, and 20:00. All the shrew species were most active between 20:00 and 1:00, and least active around mid-day (10:00–15:00). However, activity of the twoSorex species was lower than that of the twoNeomys species in the period 20:00–1:00, but higher in the period 15:00–20:00. BothNeomys species displayed clearly nocturnal, unimodal patterns of activity. In contrast, activity of bothSorex species was relatively evenly distributed over 24 hours and they increased their activity earlier (ie after 15:00) than bothNeomys species (after 20:00). These results confirm the idea that small shrew species with higher metabolic rate have more frequent and more equally distributed activity bouts than large species. Overlap of temporal niches was the highest within genera (99.29% between bothNeomys species and 98.36% between bothSorex species), the lowest betweenN. fodiens andS. araneus (88.26%) andS. minutus (89.34%), and intermediate betweenN. anomalus and bothSorex species (91.78 and 93.34%, respectively). Such high interspecific overlaps in activity suggest a joint-action of other mechanisms that separate ecological niches of these species also in other dimensions (eg food, microhabitat).
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