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The aim of the study was histopathological characteristics of mink females showing a tendency to decrease body condition in a perinatal period against a background of selected parameters of antioxidant state. The minks were divided into two groups according to body condition scoring system (BCS). The blood was collected twice: after weaning and at the end of the production cycle. The serum activity of oxidative state enzymes was determined. Anatomic and histopathological examinations were conducted after the production cycle. Samples of the liver, kidneys, small intestine, and ovaries were fixed in 10% buffered formalin and stained with haematoxylin-eosin and Sudan IV. The histopathological examinations revealed hyperaemia of the liver and kidneys, with large content of blood in the capillary and central vessels of obese females. The kidney structure was normal in animals of experimental group. On the other hand, kidneys of control group animals showed degenerative changes in the epithelial cells of the tubules of the excretory part, especially of the proximal tubules. Against the background of the obtained results, it should be stated that lower activities of selected enzymes with anatomical and histopathological changes were obtained in the animals with worse body condition.
Molecular technologies based on markers indicating differences among individuals at the DNA level can play an important role in genetic improvement of carcass traits through marker or gene assisted selection. The purpose of this study was to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) of chromosome 3 affecting carcass traits on Japanese quail using microsatellite markers. Two white and wild strains of Japanese quail were crossed reciprocally and the F1 generation was created. The F2 generation was generated by intercrossing F1 birds. Phenotypic data including weights of hot and cold carcasses,carcass parts and internal organs were collected from 422 F2 birds. The total mapping population (472 birds) was genotyped for microsatellite markers. QTL analysis was performed using the least squares regression interval mapping method. Significant QTL were identified for hot and chilled carcass weights, liver weight, head percentage, uropygial gland percentage, intestine percentage, ovary weight, uropygial gland weight, pancreas percentage (0-36 cM with an additive effect),proventriculus percentage, head weight (6-20 cM with a dominance effect), and gizzard percentage (0 cM with an imprinting effect).
Ethanol (EtOH) abuse in pregnancy is known to produce serious damage to internal organs of the fetus, a condition in humans that is classified as "fetal alcohol syndrome". Cadmium (Cd), a heavy metal pollutant of the environment, represents another toxin that produces retarded fetal growth and teratogenic effects. The developing brain is particularly sensitive to both toxins, being affected morphologically and neurochemically. Besides prenatal EtOH and Cd have been found to reduce endogenous dopamine (DA) levels and turnover in the brain and change reactivity of the central DA receptors to agonists. To test effect of separate and joint applications of the above xenobiotics on offspring during pregnancy, rats were given 10% (v/v) EtOH and/or Cd (5 or 50 ppm) in their drinking water. Numbers of pregnant rats, newborns in the litter, birth body mass, and the number of offspring surviving 3 weeks after birth were recorded. Then in 6-week-old offspring the anatomopathological study of internal organs, and the level of biogenic amines (NA, 5-HT, 5-HIAA) in the discrete parts of the brain were estimated spectrofluorometrically. Prenatal exposure to EtOH prevents some toxic effect of Cd in rat offspring (morphological, condition of offspring). On the other hand, EtOH intensified some effects of Cd on the biogenic amines level in the brain.
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One hundred and seventy-six samples collected from internal organs of sick birds and 40 samples taken from healthy birds were used for virus isolation. The isolation was carried out on SPF chicken embryos by inoculating them into the yolk sac with the material prepared by generally accepted methods. Three passages were performed. The presence of viral antigen was detected by the agar gel precipitation test using positive standard serum against reovirus strain S1133. Viral antigen was found in 79 samples (36.6%). Reoviruses were most often found in the bursa or Fabricius (in 61.7% of samples), liver (56.0%) and small intestine (36.8%). No virus was detected in samples collected from the caecal tonsils and trachea. The examined strains multiplied in embryo membranes and lymphatic organs of embryos inducing pathological lesions and death.
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