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Mode of insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle in human feet and its arterial supply

100%

Agawany A. E., Meguid E. A.

Folia Morphologica

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2010

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tom 69

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nr 1

The abductor hallucis flap is commonly used as a pedicled flap (distally or proximally based) in the management of ankle, heel, and mid-foot lesions, where it is ideally used for closing defects. This study investigates the anatomical details of this muscle regarding its various forms of insertion and its arterial supply in 15 cadaveric feet. Four types of insertion could be distinguished: type A, insertion at the proximal phalanx of the big toe (46.7%); type B, insertion by two slips into the base of the proximal phalanx and the sesamoid bone (33.3%); type C, insertion at the sesamoid bone (6.7%); And type D, the insertion is divided into superficial tendinous and deep fleshy parts which are attached to the base of the proximal phalanx and to the metatarsophalangeal joint capsule of the big toe, respectively (13.3%). As regards the arterial supply, three patterns were noticed: pattern A (40%) where the medial plantar artery (MPA) is divided into superficial and deep branches that supplied the muscle; pattern B (53.3%) where the MPA failed to produce a deep branch but instead continued as the superficial branch supplying the two ends of the muscle; and pattern C (6.6%) where the MPA continued as a deep branch supplying the muscle. A superficial branch of MPA provided a branch to the abductor hallucis muscle from its proximal part. In two specimens (13.3%), the lateral plantar artery shared in the supply of the most proximal part of the muscle. These results can be useful in determining the appropriate flap design based on the abductor hallucis type of insertion and the pattern of its arterial supply in the patients. (Folia Morphol 2010; 69, 1: 54–61)

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Effects of mismatches and insertions on discrimination accuracy of nucleic acid probes

100%

Piao X., Sun L., Zhang T., Gan Y., Guan Y.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2008

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tom 55

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nr 4

713-720

Effective discrimination of non-complementary nucleotides is an important factor to ensure the accuracy of hybridization-based nucleic acid analyses. The current study investigates the effects of the chemical nature, the positions, the numbers, and the cooperative behavior of mismatches as well as insertions on 20-mer and 30-mer duplexes. We observed the hybridization stability trend affected by mismatches: G:T ≈ G:G > G:A > A:A ≈ T:T > A:C ≈ T:C > C:C. The experimental data show that mismatches at the center of the oligonucleotide probes have a more profound destabilizing effect on the hybridization stability than those at either ends. Insertions also demonstrate a similar destabilizing effect as mismatches. These results provide useful information for designing DNA microarray nucleotide probes and for improving the discrimination accuracy of hybridization-based detections.

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The effect of insertion/deletion polymorphisms within the promoter and intron 1 sequences of the PRNP gene on the breeding value of Holstein-Friesian bulls

84%

Czarnik U., Strychalski J., Olenski K., Barcewicz M., Hering D. M., Puckowska P., Pierzchala M., Urbanski P., Pareek C. S.

Animal Science Papers and Reports

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2015

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tom 33

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nr 1

The aim of this study was to verify the hypothesis that insertion/deletion (indel) polymorphisms within the promoter and intron 1 sequences of the prion protein (PRNP) gene can affect the breeding value of Holstein-Friesian bulls. The experimental material included 261 Holstein-Friesian bulls born between 1997 – 2002. It was shown that the polymorphism in the intron 1 (12 bp indel) sequence had a more significant effect on the analyzed traits than a polymorphism in the promotor (23 bp indel) sequence. A deletion allele within intron 1 (12del) significantly increased the bulls’ breeding value for milk yield (p=0.001), protein yield (p=0.042), type and conformation (p=0.018),udder width (p=0.003), dairy character (p=0.004), and decreased days open (p=0.022). A deletion allele (23del) at the polymorphic locus of the promoter significantly decreased the bulls’ breeding value for milk yield (p=0.001), udder width (p=0.029) and dairy character (p=0.033). Analysis of both alleles showed that 23del-12del haplotype increased the bulls’ breeding value for udder traits:udder (p=0.008), fore udder (p=0.043) and udder depth (p=0.041), and decreased for fat kontent (p=0.047) and conformation traits - body depth (p<0.001), chest width (p=0.029) and rear leg set - side view (p=0.029). Also positive effect of 23del-12ins haplotype for days open (p=0.003) and days between calving and first insemination (p=0.045) was observed.

4

Anatomical variations of the hand extensors

84%

Abdel-Hamid G. A., El-Beshbishy R. A., Abdel Aal I. H.

Folia Morphologica

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2013

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tom 72

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nr 3

This study was performed to investigate the anatomy and variations of the human extensor tendons of the fingers and their intertendinous connections. Ninety five upper limbs of adult cadavers were dissected. The variations in the extensor tendons of the fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum, and their mode of insertion were observed. Also, the intertendinous connections were explored and the obtained data were analysed. The extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were found to be single, doubled or, rarely, absent. Their insertion could be traced to either the proximal phalanx, or through the extensor expansion to both phalanges, or rarely to the distal phalanx of thumb. The extensor indicis had a single tendon in all specimens. In the majority of specimens, extensor digitorum had no independent slip to the little finger; it gave off a single tendon to the index, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. Extensor digiti minimi muscle often had double or triple tendons distal to the extensor retinaculum. Three types of juncturae tendinum (JT) were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th intermetacarpal spaces (IMS) of hands. Types 1 and 2 JT were seen in the three IMS. Type 3 JT was the most frequently identified of all juncturae and was always absent in the 2nd IMS. The percentages of the present data were compared with other researchers’ data. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 249–257)

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X-linked hypophosphatemia in Polish patients. 1. Mutations in the PHEX gene

84%

Popowska E., Pronicka E., Sulek A., Jurkiewicz D., Rowe P., Rowinska E., Krajewska-Walasek M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2000

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tom 41

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nr 4

6

Insertion of the IL-2 gene decreases tumorigenicity of murine fibrosarcoma

67%

Kusnierczyk H., Zalecki P., Pajtasz-Piasecka E., Radzikowski C.

Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis

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1998

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tom 46

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nr 4

Ograniczanie wyników

Mode of insertion of the abductor hallucis muscle in human feet and its arterial supply

Effects of mismatches and insertions on discrimination accuracy of nucleic acid probes

The effect of insertion/deletion polymorphisms within the promoter and intron 1 sequences of the PRNP gene on the breeding value of Holstein-Friesian bulls

Anatomical variations of the hand extensors

X-linked hypophosphatemia in Polish patients. 1. Mutations in the PHEX gene

Insertion of the IL-2 gene decreases tumorigenicity of murine fibrosarcoma