A field study on insects inhabiting cones of Larix decidua Mill. subsp. polonica (Racib.) Domin, was carried out in the protected forest reserve "Modrzewie" and its surrounding (the Krościenko Forest District) in 2011. A total of 2210 cones (12 samples) from larches were collected for analysis and for rearing. Moreover 3600 seeds extracted from cones, were analysed. During the studies 1687 insect specimens were obtained. They belong to 4 orders: Hemiptera, Coleoptera, Hymenoptera and Diptera. The most numerous species was Megastigmus pictus (Först.) (Hym., Torymidae): 850 specimens including 4 males. M. pictus destroyed 10.94% of analysed seeds. Strobilomyia laricicola (Karl) inhabited 13.06% of analysed cones. Information on parasitoids are given.
Over 2007–2008 in kujawsko-pomorskie voivodeskie, the study Province was carried out into the species composition, abundance and dominance of butterfly cartepillars (Lepidoptera) feeding on 4 populations of dwarf everlasts Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. The research showed that the plants were infested with butterflies representing the following families: Bucculatricidae, Coleophoridae, Lasiocampidae, Noctuidae, Nymphalidae, Pyralidae and Tortricidae. In the studied habitats the most common were: Bucculatrix gnaphaliella, Eublemma minutata, Pyrausta aerealis, Coleophora gnaphalii, Vanessa cardui and caterpillars from the genus Cnephassia.
In 2008–2009 on ornamental grasses in nurseries and the Botanical Garden in Bydgoszcz eighteen species of the Auchenorrhyncha and fifteen species of Heteroptera were found. The most numerous were: Javesella pellucida (F.), Psammotettix confinis (Dhlb.), Stenocranus major (Kbm.) and Macrosteles laevis (Ribaut) (Auchenorrhyncha) and Trigonotylus caelestialium (Kirk) and Stenodema laevigata (L.) belonging to Heteroptera.
W doświadczeniu polowym, w dwóch kolejnych sezonach wegetacyjnych (2005 i 2006 rok), badano wpływ nawadniania kroplowego roślin kabaczka odmiany White Bush na występowanie owadów. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych prób czerpakowych stwierdzono, że najliczniej występowały szkodniki z rzędów: Homoptera, Heteroptera i Thysanoptera. Uszkadzające rośliny kabaczka pluskwiaki równoskrzydłe reprezentowane były przez kilka rodzin, jak: skoczkowate, mszycowate oraz szydlakowate. Najliczniejszymi skoczkowatymi były: skoczek ziemniaczak i czarnoplamek w 2005 roku oraz skoczek ziemniaczak i skoczek sześciorek w 2006 roku. Liczebność skoczkowatych była istotnie wyższa na roślinach nawadnianych, w porównaniu do roślin kontrolnych, zarówno w 2005, jak i 2006 roku. Podobna sytuacja wystąpiła w przypadku szkodliwych tasznikowatych. Najczęściej odławianymi owadami zaliczanymi do tej rodziny pluskwiaków różnoskrzydłych były: zmienik lucernowiec i wysmułek paskorogi. Rośliny kabaczka zasiedlały również owady pożyteczne do których należały: dziewięciorkowate -Aelothripidae, dziubałkowate -Anthocoridae.
Susceptibility of different sugar beet cultivars to larva damage caused by the third generation of beet fly (Pegomya hyoscyami Panz.) was tested in the field condition in 2008 and 2009. The effect of the pest damage on yield was estimated. Twenty four cultivars were tested in one location in 2008 (Piołunowo). Ten cultivars were tested in four locations in 2009 (Tytlewo, Tylice, Piołunowo, Zbójno). Experiments were designed by randomized blocks in four replications. Estimation of damage was done in the end of September using a six degree scale where: 1 – means very slight damage, 5 – heavy damage. The level of infection was calculated as a percentage. Yield was estimated on each plot by digging beets from 10 m2 area. Analysis of variance and correlation was done at p < 0.05. Significant differences in susceptibility of sugar beet cultivars to damage cause by beet fly larvae were stated. The level of damage ranged from 10% (cultivar Balladyna) to 45% (cultivar Picasso) in 2008. Six cultivars was weakly damaged, sixteen moderately, and two strongly. No significant correlation between leaf damage and root yield (r = 0.194, N = 24, p = 0.928). The average damage level was from 12% (cultivar Nancy) to 36.6% (Aldona) for four experiments in 2009. Damage level was week for two cultivars, moderate for six, and strong for two. Lack of correlation between root yield and damage level was stated. The obtained results revealed that sugar beet protection against the third generation of P. hyoscyami is pointless in case of a low or moderate level of damage.
The study was conducted on two shrub willow plantations in Tomaszkowo near Olsztyn. Carabid beetles were captured in 2005–2006, using modified Barber traps. The results show that willow plantations can be a special type of thicket assemblages, which favour the development of various ecological groups belonging to Carabidae. The collected beetles comprised a large share of the ground beetles classified as large- and medium-size zoophages and hemizoophages with autumn type of development, which prefer moderately humid open spaces.
Badano wpływ ściółkowania czarną folią oraz fertygacji kroplowej na występowanie owadów zasiedlających dynię zwyczajną ‘Miranda’. Doświadczenia entmologiczne przeprowadzono w latach 2006-2007. Cicadellidae, Miridae i Thysanoptera stanowiły najliczniejszą grupę, która zasiedlała dynię zwyczajną ‘Miranda’. Stosowanie czarnej okrywy foliowej w uprawie polowej dyni odmiany ‘Miranda’ powoduje wzrost zasiedlenia fauny skoczkowatych. Najliczniejszym przedstawicielem Cicadellidae był skoczek ziemniaczak. Skoczek sześciorek oraz skoczek czarnoplamek wystąpiły w mniejszym nasileniu. Stosowanie w uprawie polowej dyni zwyczajnej ‘Miranda’ zróżnicowanej fertygacji kroplowej azotem i okrywy foliowej wpływało na liczebność fitofagicznego pluskwiaka z rodziny tasznikowatych - zmienika lucernowca. Wymieniony gatunek chętniej żerował na roślinach z czarną okrywą foliową oraz gdy fertygacje stosowano raz na trzy tygodnie. Stosowanie w uprawie dyni okrywy foliowej powodowało zatrzymywanie wody w glebie, nie dopuszczało do rozwoju chwastów oraz prowadziło do zmniejszenia wilgotności w łanie roślin uprawnych.
The confused flour beetle is one the most common pest insects invading stored food products with high content of starch. The object of the studies was to determine the adaptability of the pest to infest different quality groups of wheat grain divided into grain size fractions. Survivability of the confused flour beetle taking into consideration the quality and quantity of nutrient substance was studied; as well as the course and length of this developmental cycle. The results of performed studies revealed that a wheat cultivar factor significant affected development of the pest. It was also stated that pest beetles preferred grain of wheat cultivars with low protein content and pure technological quality of gluten. In contrast, grain of cultivars characterized by a high technological quality such as Korweta and Jasna were more tolerant to infestation by this pest.
In the years 2008–2009 the susceptibility of 18 cultivars and lines of red beet to plants’ infestation and colonization by aphid Aphis fabae was estimated. In the case of tested beet cultivars and lines, the percentage reduction of yield (root weight) in relation to the number of feeding aphids was also determined. Three lines of red beet (DZE IV F1, SKB F1, and NOE) revealed a high degree of resistance to aphid A. fabae infestation and feeding. The development of large and very large (43–120 and above 120 individuals per plant) aphid colonies, and 60–70% of colonized plants were recorded on three cultivars (Opolski, Karmazyn, and Astar F1) and on one EO/1 line. On the same breeding materials of beet, the greatest losses in root yield (more than 23%) were also recorded.
Leaf miner moths on common hazel in urban habitats and in the forest and on cultivated hazel on productive plantation without chemical treatments were studied regarding the composition of their species and structure of their abundance in 2000–2002. The presence of six microlepidopteran species belonging to 3 families was shown: Nepticulidae (2 species), Gracillariidae (3) and Coleophoridae (1). The main factor affecting the occurrence of microlepidopteran species feeding on hazelnut with respect only to quantitative composition, was the type of environment with variable degree of anthropogenic. Species from Phyllonorycter genus were dominant on cultivated hazel and on common hazel growing in urban habitats, while on hazel growing in the forest Phyllonorycter nicellii and Stigmella microtheriella species were dominant. The best conditions for development of mining Lepidoptera were on cultivated hazelnut plantation, where their abundance was significantly higher compared with common hazelnut.
The influence of microirrigation system of three European asparagus cultivars: Gijnlim, Ramos and Vulkan cultivated on the very light soil on the occurrence of adults and larvae twelvespotted asparagus beetle and common asparagus beetle were evaluated in the field trials. Both adult and larvae of common asparagus beetle were significantly less numerous on Ramos cultivar. In case of adults a kind of microirrigation system did not affect the occurrence of insect species. Both beetles and larvae of the twelve-spotted asparagus were the most numerous on Ramos cultivar however, no significant effect of microirrigation system on the number of insect in population was stated.
The purpose of the research was to assess the number of aphids in two different winter triticale genotypes. The effect of winter triticale genotypes mixtures was determined on the base of aphids’ number and percentage of infested plants. Field observations were performed on IHAR Radzików experimental plots in two seasons (2008 and 2009). The results presented here suggested that the aphid number and number of infested plants in mixture were lower than in pure stands. Waxy genotype (RAH 116−3/90) was more resistant to the cereal aphids than the wax-less genotype RAH 325/95. In addition, Sitobion avenae showed a higher level of studied population parameters then Rhopalosiphum padi on the triticale genotypes.
One of the assumptions of the organic farming system is the protection of biodiversity and the use of natural processes which occur in nature in crop protection. Organic farming is to create favourable conditions for the occurrence of beneficial organisms limiting the abundance of agrophages, in agrocenoses. The aim of this paper was to determine to what extent both farming systems affect relationships between aphids and their natural enemies, parasitic Hymenoptera.