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The immunotropic properties of calf thymus extract (TFX-Jelfa) is connected with the mimic action of the thymus to modulate the differentiation, maturation and function of prothymocytes and mature thymus dependent (T) cells. The studies were carried out on CFW male mice aged 3 months. The animals were infected per os with 200 larvae of Trichinella spiralis. TFX-Jelfa was administered i.p. at a dose of 10 mg/kg seven times at 24 hour intervals prior to infection. The percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ in suspension of splenocytes and mesenteric lymphonode cells by flow cytometry using monoclonal antibodies coupled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) or phycoerythrin (PE) were determined. At the same time, cryostat preparations, made from jejunum and muscle samples, were examined by the direct immunofluorescence method using FITC-labeled antibody to mouse CD4+ and CD8+. It has been found that infection with T. spiralis in mice decreases the percentage of CD8+ splenocytes, while the percentage of CD8+ mesenteric lymphonode cells does not change. However, in infected mice the percentage of CD4+ spleen cells and mesenteric lymphonode cells is increased. It has been also found that during the course of infection an increase in the number of CDS+ and CD4+ cells in the basal lamina propria of the intestines was observed. In infected mice, CD4+ lymphocytes were visible in the inflammatory infiltrates of the muscle tissue on the 14lh day, whereas CDS+ lymphocytes were first observed a week later. Pretreatment with TFX does not change the inhibitory effect of infection on the percentage of CD8+ splenocytes, but potentiates the percentage of CD4+ spleen cells and mesenteric lymphonode cells increased by infection. Furthermore, administration of TFX prior to infection also potentiates the stimulatory effect of T. spiralis on the number of CD8+ and CD4+ in the basal lamina propria of the jejunum, and on the number of CDS+ cells in the inflammatory infiltrates of the muscle tissue.
RT-PCR for the detection of bluetongue virus (BTV) in blood samples, collected from /infected animals, were described . Two primer sets targeting genome segment 7 of BTV were selected. The full-length S7 cDNA (1156 bp) was amplified in all samples of EDTA blood taken from BTV infected animals. No viral RNA was detected in samples from uninfected animals and seropositive cattle of Dutch origin, imported from Belgium on 7 August 2006. The method proved to be specific, as no positive reaction for foot and mouth disease virus, serotypes O and A, was observed. The applied RT-PCR is an accurate and reliable technique for the detection of BTV in EDTA blood samples. This assay is easy and quick to perform and the results are available within 10 h.
The aim of the study was the production of chicken polyclonal antibodies recognising hamster IL-4, IL-12p35, and IFN-γ, which were further used to estimate cytokine concentrations in splenocyte culture supernatants, obtained from three age groups of Ancylostoma ceylanicum infected hamsters. Worm burdens differed significantly among age groups; the younger animals were the more heavily infected. Th1 and Th2 type cytokines were detected only in cultures containing spleen cells from the oldest hamsters, which were the most resistant to hookworm infection. In cultures of cells from young more susceptible hamsters, the presence of IL-4 and IL-12 but not IFN-γ were observed.
Selected haematological and biochemical parameters in blood of lambs born to maedi-visna virus (MVV) seropositive and seronegative ewes were investigated. The study included 116 lambs born to ewes with MVV antibodies and 111 lambs born from seronegative mothers. The presence of antibodies was determined by ELISA. Blood samples were taken prior to weaning and post-weaning at 18-23 and 80-88 d of age, respectively. The study revealed that age and serological status had a significant effect on most of investigated variables. Lambs from seropositive ewes had significantly lower average white cell counts (P<0.05) than lambs from seronegative ones. A similar relationship was noted for lymphocyte counts; however, granulocyte count was higher in the litter of uninfected ewes. Analysis of red blood cell indices of lambs from seropositive ewes showed significantly higher haematocrit, as well as marked changes in red blood cell volume and corpuscular haemoglobin concentration, compared with those from lambs born to uninfected ewes. There were no significant differences in platelet counts in both groups of lambs, tested on days 18-23; however, significantly lower values were noted in lambs born to seropositive ewes on days 80-88. Lactate dehydrogenase and alkaline phosphatase activities and uric acid concentrations were higher in lambs from infected ewes at both time points.
A variety of Acanthamoeba spp. pathogenic strains were isolated from water pools in the area of Poznań. In many cases amoebae invaded lugs, kidney heart, liver and diaphragm causing significant changes in these Organs. The presence of amoeba outside of CNS was found mainly in the early periods of infection. Amoeba isolated from different organs of dead animals did not exhibit any specificity in relation to the organs in following infections. Infection with both low-and high-virulent strains resulted in pathomorphological changes of similar character. However, changes induced by low-virulent parasites developed later and were less extensive.
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