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Wastewater treatment is becoming ever more critical due to diminishing water resources, increasing wastewater disposal costs, and stricter discharge regulations that have lowered permissible contaminant levels in waste streams. The ultimate goal of wastewater management is the protection of the environment in a manner commensurate with public health and socio-economic concerns. The aim of our study is to use natural occurring polymeric coagulant to reduce the chemical oxygen demand and color from the industrial waste water. It was found that 83 % of Chemical oxygen demand and 90 % of color reduction was observed with chitosan.
Forests are one the main natural factors that regulate and determine climate, weather patterns and amount of CO2 of an area. With rapid industrialization and rapid urbanization there is a significant increase in deforestation and as a consequence rise in global mean surface temperatures. Rapid and unchecked cut down of forest cover has resulted in some of the worst disasters during the last decades. This paper focuses on studying the role of deforestation, its influence on climate change phenomena and its consequences in Pakistan.
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Human activities including industrialization and agricultural practices contributed immensely in no small measure to the degradation and pollution of the environment which adversely has an effect on the water bodies (rivers and ocean) that is a necessity for life. This paper tries to discuss basically what water pollution is and equally to address the source, effect control and water pollution management as a whole. Some recommendations such as introduction of environmental education were mentioned.
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The measurements of chemical components in water of Wieprza River showed that water of this river in 2002-2003 was characterised by the high purity. The average values of most indexes were contained in the ranges of standards for the first purity class. Nevertheless considerable increase of investigation parameters was observed in zone of sewage-treatment plant and uncontrolled waste dump. The part of flow downing pollutions were absorbed by peat soils. Kępice town bring into Wieprza River the load of organic matter miscalculating to BOD5 average 133 kg O2 d-1 (85 t O2 y-1), the load of nitrogen 140 kg N d-1 (51 t N y-1) and phosphorus 18 kg P d-1 (6.2 t P y-1). However Wieprza River shows high self-purification ability. The level of investigation components in this river (4 km outside of the Kępice town) returned to the level which was 2 km before the town.
Recent advancing industrialization and urbanization have increased salt concentrations in formerly-freshwater habitats. Freshwater animals are being affected, especially those like crustaceans that are unable to emigrate to escape the problem. The effects of increased salinity, first observed at the molecular level, are found to extend to the levels of the individual, population, community and ecosystem. Crustacean morphology, behaviour and life histories may be influenced, with growth rate, and age and size at first reproduction, being disturbed, along with clutch and neonate size. Mortality rates are also elevated where the salt concentration is high, though susceptibility to salt differs both between species and between clones of the same species. The effect may be to modify the composition of crustacean assemblages in terms of the species and clones present.
This review paper presents the results of many years’ research and field observations on ecological status of the catchment of Lake Tana in relation to the socioeconomic issues. There are a number of wetlands in Lake Tana region such as shore areas, head springs, permanent and temporary floodplains (riverine and manmade) which serve as crop production, fisheries, sand mining, wetland products harvesting, etc. Population pressure and poverty have led to more intrusive activities, which have damaged the overall natural resources. Poor management practices further restricted the basic ecological services they provide (for example climate control, nutrient retention, drinking water provision, flood protection, etc.). The most outstanding threats of the shoreline and riparian wetlands stability are agriculture, industrial pollution, drainage activities and overharvesting of wetland resources. Management strategies should comprise both biophysical and socioeconomic aspects with emphasis on issues like adoption of watershed/ecosystem approach at policy level, integration of income generation in conservation activities, sharing of responsibility/benefits among local stakeholders, institutional strengthening for environmentally and socioeconomically sustainable development of lakes.
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