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Changes in the floristic composition of meadows and pastures may provide information on the human impact on the habitat conditions and intensity of land use. The aim of the study was to present the floristic diversity of the Lolio-Cynosuretum association and its relation with the habitat conditions evaluated using the phytoindication method with Ellenberg indicators. The study was conducted in five river valleys in the years 1999-2012. For the analysis, 100 relevés were selected, which were subject to floristic, habitat (phytoindication), and statistical analysis. In the Lolio-Cynosuretum phytocoenoses, the total number of 178 taxa of vascular plants from 33 families was recorded. It was demonstrated that the differentiation in the floristic composition of Lolio- -Cynosuretum phytocoenoses remains in relation with the habitat conditions, which may be evaluated basing on the ecological preferences of plant species that form the taxa. The species were established as differential for the lower units, that is four subassociations and eight variants.
Quality management has to consider a lot of new aspects regarding the latest trends in the field. The authors of the proposed paper will point at the interconnection of three major aspects: technical, communication and economical aspect. The authors propose, based on these aspects, a Triad of Quality. The main aim of quality management is essentially to increase effectiveness indicators in the organisation, rather than satisfying customers by certain product properties or focusing on increasing the market share. The authors propose their indicators of profitability of quality- Return on Quality, ROQ. The Triad of Quality is proposed as a new way of perceiving the economical aspects of quality. The paper will present a proposal of a system of indicators based on the communication aspect and the economical aspect of quality.
The transfer of urban spatial forms out of its center, as well as the uncontrolled expansion of large cities and urban sprawl have become a significant problem. These processes, especially when they occur in environmentally sensitive areas, may cause serious problems. The aim of this research was to propose – on the basis of land use structure – indicators that will quantitatively determine the characteristics of development of areas around large cities. Such indicators can be helpful in identifying issues and problems in spatial development of the environment.
Carabid beetle mean individual biomass (MIB) was analysed in three postindustrial areas, where different environment regeneration types were observed. In total three postindustrial dumps were selected, two of them with spontaneous succession (age about 70 and 15–20 years) and one recultivated (age about 15–20 years). Moreover undisturbed forest was chosen as reference area. Additionally in research areas observations concerning changes in the abundance and dominance of individuals characteristic for open and forest habitats were done. During the field studies 1871 carabids were caught and indicated to species level. The results showed significant differences in MIB values according to regeneration type and succession age. Generally according to one-way Anova analysis MIB values increased with stand age, but there are also difference according to spontaneously revegetaed and recultivated areas. Comparing postindustrial areas with the same age, but with different type of regeneration (spontaneous or recultivation), the MIB values was lower in recultivated area. In these areas, the lowest number of carabids forest species was observed too, which may indicate a strongly disturbed and slow rate of assemblages regeneration. Our results indicate that the mean individual biomass index (MIB) can be usefull tool for assessment succession rate in strongly disturbed postindustrial areas.
The up-to-date works on creating a macroeconomic index of round wood price change have been presented and summarized. The index is based on monthly published data concerning the economy of Poland and the European Union. It can facilitate commercial negotiations between forest industry entrepreneurs and The State Forests which take place once every half year.
The study aims to summarize and characterize those processes which are currently going on in the Hungarian agriculture following its accession to the European Union. All these processes cannot be separated from the international tendencies and have impact on the relations between the member states. The role of agriculture is relatively small in the economy, but despite the decreasing tendency, agriculture has kept its positive balance in international trade. Regarding the production structure we can state that the share of animal husbandry has decreased to 40%, that causes several problems in the fodder market as well. Due to the subsidy system, the farmes receive relatively high subsidy in crop production. Farmes with plant production are the winners of accession. A slow increase can be observed in the numbers of medium sized farms and in their land use.
The incidence of low birthweight was examined among 6794 newborns in 4 towns in the industrial region of Upper Silesian: Świętochłowice, Bytom, Zabrze and Chorzów. Ecological disaster has caused an increasing number of infants with birthweight below 2500 g in the most polluted towns. In Chorzów, in the most polluted part of the town, mean body weight decreased (3015g) in comparison with mean body weight in less polluted districts (3087 g and 3102 g). Low birthweight is one of the most important health indicators of a population affected by environmental pollution. The second negative impact connected with very high pollution is the high incidence of congenital defects and childrens' morbidity rate as the same as disturbed physical and psychological development.
Background. Since arsenic compounds have an affinity to thiol groups their greatest amounts can then be found in the tissues containing sulphur - rich proteins, like beta- keratin in skin, hair and nails. Accumulation of arsenic also depends on the macronutrient content in daily food ration. The deficiency and excess of both the protein and fat may contribute to a higher content of arsenic in the organism, including hair in human or fur in animals. Objective. Hair and fur is a good indicator of population exposure to many toxic substances, including arsenic. The degree of arsenic accumulation may depend on the diet and nutritional status. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of protein and fat in diet on the accumulation of arsenic in rats’ fur. Material and Methods. A total number of 70 male Buffalo rats (body weight 200 - 220 g, age - 6 weeks) were divided into 10 groups. Rats were housed in plastic cages (4 per cage) in a 12h light/dark cycle for 6 weeks. The diets of different protein and fat contents ware administered to the animals. Five of ten groups of rats received throughout the whole period 10 ppm sodium arsenite dissolved in distilled drinking water (about 250 μg As/animal/day). The arsenic were determined with the method of atomic adsorption spectrometry in conjunction with a graphite-furnace atomize using a Varian AA240FS apparatus. Results. The highest arsenic concentrations were found in fur of rats which were given low protein diet and water with arsenic. The lowest arsenic contents were found in fur of rats, which were given control diet and high protein diet with arsenic in water. Conclusions. Balanced control diet or high protein diet protected organism from arsenic accumulation, only small increase of arsenic content in rats’ fur, compared to the control group, was observed.
An important question stated in the presented paper is: Could rotifers be the indicators of climate change in the Antarctic environments? Rotifers are one of the most important components of the invertebrate fauna of the Antarctic freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems. However, investigations of their distribution, diversity and an ecological role in the environment have been widely neglected, mainly due to the methodological and taxonomical difficulties. During the investigations 176 species of rotifers were found, including the endemic and cosmopolitan species. Their existence is directly proportional to microvariations of humidity factor. Scientists still have poor knowledge about the occurrence of rotifer species in recently studied habitats e.g. cryoconite holes, nunataks or soil. Probably rotifers could be the indicators of climate change in the Antarctic freshwater and terrestrial ecosystems but more investigations and monitoring studies are needed.
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