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The study was to compare selected media and incubation temperatures for isolation of fungi from dried medicinal plants. The samples examined were as follows: chamomile, peppermint, lemon balm St. John's wort and two herbal mixtures. The media used were MEA, MEA + 20% sucrose, MEA +40% sucrose, DG18, Sabouraud supplemented with cycloheximide (500 mg/1) and YpSs. 0.1-g portions of plant material (small pieces) were uniformly spread over the surface of Petri dishes containing the media. Incubation was carried out at 25, 37 and 45°C. Altogether, 639 fungal isolates belonging to at least 31 species were isolated from the samples. Mesophilic, thermophilic and ther- motolerant species, i.e. Rhizopusoiyzae, Aspergillus n iger, Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis, Aspergillusfumigatus, Absidia corymbifera and RhizomucorpusiUus prevailed in the samples. The DG18 medium was found to be the most suitable for characterization of the total mycoflora at 25°C. The medium selection for 37°C was dependent on the species to be isolated. MEA + 40% sacharose and YpSs were found to be the best media for isolation of thermophilic and thermotolerant fungi from dried medicinal plants.
The aim of the study was to assess an effect of incubation temperature (36.4, 36.7, and 37.1°C) on hatching performance of emu. The fewest dead embryos (13.7%) were found in group I with the lowest incubation temperature. Raising the temperature by 0.3°C and 0.7°C in, respectively, group II and III reduced the hatchability indices, primarily due to an increased rate (by approx. 12%) of dead embryos in both groups. Temperature significantly influenced the duration of incubation period, as well as duration of hatching. Incubation at the highest temperature took the shortest time (49.9 days), whereas that at the lowest temperature lasted longest (51.5 days). A reversed pattern was found in the case of hatching duration, which at the higher temperature expanded by 282 minutes in group II and by 406 minutes in group III, as compared with group I.
The effect of incubation temperature on hydrophobic properties of Listeria spp. using ammonium sulphate aggregation test was analyzed. 29 strains of Listeria spp. isolated from beef, pork and smoked fish were tested. Results show that reducing the incubation temperature causes transformation of hydrophilic Listeria spp. into hydrophobic.
The ide eggs were incubated in the laboratory in three temperature ranges: 11–13, 15–16, and 18–20°C. Throughout the entire period of incubation, the live eggs were observed and samples were collected for histological assays. Microscopic slides were made to record the timing of appearance of hatching gland cells. The distribution, number, and size of the hatching gland cells, relative to incubation temperature, were determined. The cells appeared at the earliest (after 75 h of incubation) in the eggs incubated at 18–20°C and took the longest to appear (145 h) in those eggs incubated at the lowest temperature. The hatching gland cells were observed to be present only in the anterior part of the ide embryo and were lacking in the caudal part. Depending on the temperature, an embryo showed the presence of 200 to 390 hatching gland cells.
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