In the initial stages of the long-term swimmers’ training, the age-related functional capability of athletes should be taken into account. The improvement of young swimmer’ skills should be done in terms of an integrated approach to the promotion of physical fitness. The article presents the results of the study of aerobic and anaerobic capacity of 11–12-year-old swimmers under the condition of maximum oxygen consumption (VO2max), the maximum amount of external mechanical work for 10s (VanT10), 30s (VanT30), 60s (MKMMD). For the scientific substantiation of the expediency of implementing the method of interval hypoxic training and elements of aquafitness in the training process of 11–12 year-old swimmers, it is necessary to investigate the indexes of functional preparedness of 11–12 year-old swimmers, depending on their gender. It has been found out that the level of aerobic productivity of the boys’ bodies equals “good”, and the girls’ – “excellent” according to Y.P. Pyarnat. Elements of aquafitness and interval hypoxic training are recommended to be applied to improving aerobic and anaerobic capacity of swimmers at the stage of initial basic training.
In strongly eroded terrains, a considerable part of agricultural roads are transformed into ravines, as a result of their inappropriate location in the terrain relief. Hence the arrangement and hardening of rural roads remains an essential component of formation of arable areas on eroded terrains. Correct derivation of the roads, which need the protective measures or even re-projecting improves the state of the road network in economically effective way, as it allocates the available resources to the most threatened areas. The article presents a study on the actual state of the net of rural roads on loess upland terrain of Mielnica watershed. The analysis, performed on digital spatial data within GIS software, revealed considerable needs for improvements of rural roads on investigated area. Basing on the results, the map of improvement measures has been developed, presenting a spatial base for a decision support system for future land improvements and allocation of economical resources for the management of rural surface communication network in rural-environmental plans.
Callus was inducted on wounded leaf explants from shoot tips of a particular Prunus domestica 'Węgierka Zwykła' clone cultivated in vitro. The improvement of Sweet Common Prune stock callus tissue parameters has been approached by experiments on culture protocols. Either for the induction or maintenance of tissue modified Murashige and Skoog medium, supplemented with different auxins and cytokinins at varying concentrations, was used. The goal was to obtain the highiest possible proliferative capacity of friable tissue without any signs of cell redifferentiation for about 10 weeks. The choice of auxin was an important factor regulating the rate and kind of tissue growth, and for the examined prune clone auxin alone brought a relatively small proportion of cells into division, so advantageous was to combine it with oxygenated cytokinin. Friable tissue was obtained on media supplemented with dicamba or with picloram, but not with 2.4-D neither alone nor combinated with IBA.
Fertility of high producing dairy cows is today a big issue for commercial farm in Europe and all around the world. This study was made on Polish Holstein Friesian cows of Agricultural Experimental Farm Wilanôw-Obory (Poland) to evaluate the improvement of fertility permitted by the use of a specific supplementation (Ovulitral) given to the cows just before insemination. This specific dietary supplement is composed of trace elements, vitamins and amino-acids selected to enhance hormonal dialogue and reduce oxidation stress and hence improve fertility of cows. This experimentation has been made from October 2010 to July 2011, the 146 cows of the trial were assigned to a control/test group depending on their characteristics: lactation rank, days from calving, milk yield at peak. These cows were inseminated on natural heat by inseminators and the test group received 100 ml of Ovulitral at the insemination. Pregnancy of cows was validated by scan at 35 days after insemination. Success of insemination is about 48% on the control group versus 65% on Ovulitral group (p < 0.05). That improvement constitutes a significant difference. The improvement of fertility is higher for the cows in 1st and 2nd lactation. It is also interesting to point out that there is no difference of improvement of fertility between the cows inseminated before or after 80 days on the two groups on trial. These results confirm results obtained with Ovulitral on commercial farms in France.
W publikacji przedstawiono na przykładzie przedsiębiorstwa produkcyjnego wdrażanie filozofii Kaizen w organizacji. Omówiono zarówno procedury zgłaszania pomysłów w firmie jak i skutki wdrożenia programu od strony powstawania nowych pomysłów. Wreszcie w dalszej części publikacji, na podstawie badań pracowników zatrudnionych na stanowiskach produkcyjnych dokonano analizy ich opinii na [ temat funkcjonowania Kaizen.
The research was carried out using records from the Pig Testing Station of 113 Polish Large White (PLW) and 120 Polish Landrace (PL) gilts with the aim to determine the effects of growth rate and feed conversion ratio on the weight and quality of loin and ham defined as lean meat and fat content.Parametres of the tested cuts were assessed on the basis of weight of cuts, weight of lean meat (lean),weight of subcutaneous fat with skin, and percentage of lean and fat content. Based upon the level of indicators of their fattening performance the animals were divided into three groups. The PL pigs occurred more susceptible to the effect of fattening traits on tissue content and at the same time on the quality of carcass cuts. The interrelation has become apparent between loin parametrem of PL pigs and their growth rate and between their ham parametres and feed conversion ratio (per 1 kg gain). In many cases the loin parametres examined differed significantly between breeds.Significantly wider variation as regards the composition of tested carcass cuts was found in PLW than in PL gilts. A trend was noted for the deposition of more fat in carcass cuts of pigs with highest and lowest live weight gain.
Background. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an important technology to extend mushrooms shelf-life, with maintenance the characterisation as “fresh product”, since allows reducing losses and maintaining quality, once they belong to highly perishable commodities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential storage conditions on the properties of fresh cultivated mushrooms - Pleurotus ostreatus when placed in polyethylene trays heatsealed with different polymeric films, passive modification mode, at 4°C. Material and methods. The process was carried out using fresh mushrooms of the first flush, produced under controlled conditions. Investigations were conducted for 11 days. The mushrooms shelf-life was assessed through quality parameters, namely physiological, physicochemical, microbial and sensorial analysis. The marketability was assessed by visual appearance and sensory characteristics change, namely, softening and off-odours and off-flavours development. Results. The factorial discriminate analysis allowed observing the influence of the different polymeric films permeability on the mushrooms storage. On the second day, similar mushrooms behaviour, with all film packages, was observed. From the seventh to the eleventh day, the packages showed an identical storage state, two to two, just the ninth day. This behaviour is related with O2 levels (A and B films) and with CO2 levels (C and D films). Conclusions. The results leads to conclude that PE 65S Cryovac (C) and PD 961 Cryovac (D) films, improve storage mushrooms preservation with good stability during 11 days, showing the beneficial effect of MAP conditions. It is a valuable starting point in order to design a commercial application of modified atmosphere packaging technology with these products
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