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Dysfunction of T-helper 1 mediated immune responses is a hallmark of the progression of visceral leishmaniosis (VL). Several factors such as altered antigen presentation, and abnormalities in MHC/HLA, antigen processing, and T cell receptor recognition regulate the onset of immunosuppression. Recent investigations on VL patients suggest that susceptibility to visceral leishmaniosis is genetically determined and varies between populations in different geographical locations. Emerging evidence also indicates the importance of the role played by myeloid derived suppressor cells in progressive VL. This study provides a mechanistic view of means to target the signaling mechanisms of immunosuppression to determine potential therapeutic interventions.
Until the year 2001, lung transplantation was not available in Poland, as the only one among other kinds of solid organs transplantation. In 2001, in the Silesian Center for Heart Diseases the first successful combined heart-lung-one-block transplantation was performed. In 2003 and 2004, a successful single lung transplantation in Poland was performed in our center. Here the authors presented their experience with lung transplantation including the indications for specific types of transplantation, the immunosuppressive regimen, the management of early and late stages after lung transplantation, the infection complications, and the current problems with lung transplantation progress.
The objective of this study was to investigate the incidence and density of Demodex folliculorum in the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Forty-one patients with RA and twenty-seven age and sex matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Disease Activity Score (DAS 28) was used for the assessment of disease activity. Out of 41 patients, 33 were females and 8 males. The mean disease duration was 10.9 ± 8.2 years. The mean DAS 28 was 3.8 ± 1.2. No statistically significant differences in the incidence and density of Demodex mites were found between patients with RA and controls. Although immunosuppression is thought to be a risk factor for the D. folliculorum infestation no such correlations could be found in the 41 immunosuppressed patients with RA, therefore, further studies with larger groups are needed.
Suckling mice and immunosuppressed adult mice were used as model hosts to compare the endogenous development of two isolates of C. parvum obtained from naturally infected calves in different seasons of the year. There were no differences in these two isolates as to their location, time of appearance, intensity of infection and antigenicity. Present study indicates that Cryptosporidium infection may be easily established in 5-7 day old outbred Swiss mice. The peak of infection is shown on day 8 after inoculation and shortly after that a self-limiting process of infection takes place. However, C. parvum does not develop endogenously in adult immunosuppressed mice. The lack of establishment of infection in these animals, even in latent state, indicates that age dependent mechanisms of immunity, developed in mice, are not impaired by prednisolone or cyclophosphamide.There was no difference in biological characteristics of two isolates C. parvum. Moreover, the present study illustrates that oocysts, spread by naturally infected calves in autumn and winter, are infective for suckling mice, which might be associated in transmissibility of C. parvum.
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