The contemporary methods of specific antigen selection as well as determination of particular for infected hosts epitopes were described. The immuno-diagnostics of echinococcosis, trichinellosis, canine filariosis and toxocarosis (larva migrans) were demonstrated as examples to illustrate the progress in test efficiency. The need of application of highly specific antigens in very sensitive methods, to which ELISA belongs, was stressed.
Anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies were found in 43.2% of examined mothers, infants and children below 14 years of age, whereas IgM antibodies were found in 6.2% of the examined persons only. Diagnoses of acquired and congenital toxoplasmosis were based on the results of clinical examination and immunological confirmation. In infants, anti-Toxoplasma IgG antibodies are not indicative of Toxoplasma invasion, since they frequently come from mother and then disappear by the end of the first year of life, whereas finding of specific immunoglobulins M is the evidence of congenital toxoplasmosis.
Recent advances in the serological diagnosis of parasitic infections were discussed with particular reference to the immunoenzymatic methods of the diagnosis, antigen production by recombinant gene technology, and nucleic acid hybridization.
Regulacje prawne narzucające obowiązek znakowania produktów żywnościowych zawierających GMO przyczyniły się do rozwoju rzetelnych i czułych technik jego detekcji. W artykule opisano immunodiagnostyczne metody idealne do jakościowej i ilościowej analizy GM żywności, takie jak ELISA, LFD, Western Blot. Wskazano ich zalety i wady oraz limity detekcji uzyskane dla produktów żywnościowych badanych z ich udziałem. Opisano także alternatywne podejścia badawcze, takie jak NIRS, skuteczne w detekcji nieznanej dotychczas genetycznej modyfikacji żywności. W artykule porównano również mocne i słabe strony metod immunodiagnostycznych oraz opartych na analizie DNA.