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The use of decapsulated Artemia cysts as food for ide, Leuciscus idus (L.), larviculture was investigated. Three days after hatching, the larvae were fed on different diets: (a) dried decapsulated Artemia cysts, (b) Artemia nauplii, (c) Artemia nauplii for 7 days and then trout starter, (d) diet for marine larvae (manufactured artificial diet), (e) trout starter. After a 21-day rearing period, the highest survival rate was obtained with the larvae receiving decapsulated Artemia cysts. Feeding of the larvae with artificial diets resulted in a significantly lower survival rate compared to the other groups. At the end of the experiment, the larvae fed on Artemia nauplii gained significantly higher length compared to the other groups. Feeding different artificial diets resulted in significantly lower average mean length and weight compared to the other groups.
Ide spermatozoa were genetically inactivated using ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. The highest survival of haploid embryos was noted in the group treated with UV for 5 min (dose 1920 J m-2). High-temperature shock influenced the suppression of the second polar body in ide oocytes. The highest survival rate of diploid gynogenotes (below 10%) was observed in groups shocked at 12 min after egg insemination for 3 min. Eggs shocked later in time exhibited lower survival rates.
The comparison of out-off-season spawning of two cultured ide stock were examined. The obtained results show, that is possible to reproduced ide a few months before their natural spawning season. Generally, the percentage of spermiation and ovulation was very high, as well as spawners survival. The biological quality of the gametes was higher in stock cultured at ponds, than from fish cultured under controlled conditions. One ide females from cultured stock under controlled conditions ovulated without hormonal stimulation (control group). The quality of oocytes collected from this fish was much lower than from hormonally stimulated fish.
The present paper describes the results of induction spermiation and ovulation of ide (Leuciscus idus L.) during and out of spawning season using CPE with addition of hCG, hCG and ovopel - GnRH containing pellets. Males from control group produced significantly smaller volume of milt (season) than those from hormonally treated groups. Significant differences in spermatozoa motility was noted between treated and control males. The percent of ovulated females from groups treated with CPE and ovopel was 100%. Fish from control groups and treated with hCG did not ovulate. The total spawners mortality was quite high, especially in fish treated with ovopel. Generally, all recorded parameters in out of spawning season were lower than those obtained during artificial propagation in natural spawning time.
The aim of the study was to compare the effectiveness of hormonal stimulation of the female ide (Leuciscus idus L.), following the application of two commercial preparations concerning different GnRHa combined with dopamine inhibitors: Ovopel and Ovaprim. Ide spawners were bred under controlled conditions. The examined parameters included the percentage of ovulating females, time of ovulation and the rate of embryo survival to the eyed-egg stage. The growth and survival rates for larvae produced by farm and wild fish were compared. Stimulation with Ovopel resulted in a shorter latency time (36), whereas stimulation with Ovaprim resulted in a higher percentage of live embryos at the eyed-egg stage (79.7 %). Eggs was obtained from 20% of females in the control group, whereas in treated groups it was at level 90–100%. No differences were found between the growth rate of the ide larvae produced by the farm fish and that obtained from wild fish.
The morphogenesis of the digestive tract and swim bladder of ide Leuciscus idus (L.) was analyzed using histopathological methods. At the moment of hatching, ide larvae are more advanced in their development than the larvae of other teleost fish species. Endo-exogenous nutrition began on day 2 post hatch. At this stage of development, the intestine was lined with a single-layered cylindrical epithelium, and both liver and pancreas began to function. Signs of digestion and enterocyte protein and lipid absorption were observed on day 6 of development. The mucus cells in the mouth, esophagus and gullet produced neutral and acidic mucins. Intestinal cuboid cells appeared on the fourth day and only began secreting acidic carboxyl and sulfate mucins. The differentiation of the air duct and the posterior chamber of the swim bladder was observed on the day of hatching, and the bladder inflated after 24 hours. The anterior chamber began to form on day 9, and it inflated with gas between days 23 and 25 of larval development.
Experiments were conducted to determine full range of tolerated and optimal water condition for eggs incubation of three species from genus Leuciscus i.e: dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.), ide Leuciscus idus (L.), and chub Leuciscus cephalus (L.). Spawners were caught from rivers of the northern (Pasleka River drainage) and central (Pilica River drainage) parts of Poland. Fertilized eggs were incubated under controlled conditions at ten different constant temperatures ranging from 4.5 to 29.0℃. The optimal temperature ranges for the incubation of dace, ide and chub eggs were 7.5 to 12.3℃; 15.7℃ and 19.0 to 23.0℃, respectively (considering hatching percentage, incidence of abnormalities and size of hatched larvae), which are close to the water temperature during spawning season. This study also reveals that embryos of studied species can adapt to increasing water temperature due to global warming up to 23.0℃ (dace and ide) and 27.5℃ (chub). Besides, some inter-population differences in the response to temperature were observed.
Assessment of the economic effectiveness of hormonal stimulation application in reophile cyprinid fish reproduction based on the example of asp Aspius aspius (L.) and ide Leuciscus idus (L.) was the goal of the studies presented in this paper. Three hormonal preparations: Ovopel, Ovaprim and carp pituitary were tested during this study. Economic effectiveness of application of those hormonal preparations for asp and ide reproduction stimulation considering the relative working fertility of asp and ide, effectiveness of the selected hormonal preparations and their price were assessed. The cost of hormonal injection per 1000 spawn grains and per 1000 spawn grains in eyed stage was assumed for the measure of economic effectiveness. In case of both studied species injections with Ovaprim and Ovopel were more economic than stimulation with carp pituitary. This is linked to the high application effectiveness of GnRH analogues with dopamine inhibitors found in controlled reproduction of asp and ide. The effectiveness of those hormonal preparations is confirmed by a high percentage of ovulations as well as the high survival rate of the embryos to the eyed stage.
The aim of the study was to compare the female dace Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) and ide Leuciscus idus (L.) hormonal stimulation effectiveness with two preparations (Ovopel and Ovaprim) separately and in combination. The experiment was conducted under controlled conditions. During the experiment the percentage of ovulating females, ovulation time and survival of embryos to the eyed stage were recorded. Stimulation with Ovopel resulted in shorter ovulation appearance time in females of both species (48–50 h for dace and 36–38 h for ide) while stimulation with Ovaprim in a higher percentage of live embryos in the eyed stage (almost 80 and 60% for dace and ide respectively). The highest hormonal stimulation effectiveness was recorded in the group where a combination of those two hormonal substances was applied as shortening of the time for achievement of spawning readiness (48 and 36 hours for dace and ide respectively), a significant ovulation synchronization and the highest embryos survival rates (almost 80 and 70% for dace and ide respectively) were recorded.
The ide eggs were incubated in the laboratory in three temperature ranges: 11–13, 15–16, and 18–20°C. Throughout the entire period of incubation, the live eggs were observed and samples were collected for histological assays. Microscopic slides were made to record the timing of appearance of hatching gland cells. The distribution, number, and size of the hatching gland cells, relative to incubation temperature, were determined. The cells appeared at the earliest (after 75 h of incubation) in the eggs incubated at 18–20°C and took the longest to appear (145 h) in those eggs incubated at the lowest temperature. The hatching gland cells were observed to be present only in the anterior part of the ide embryo and were lacking in the caudal part. Depending on the temperature, an embryo showed the presence of 200 to 390 hatching gland cells.
Body length and weight and the developmental stage of sex cells were determined in 1.5- and 3-year-old specimens of the F₁ generation of reciprocal hybrids of roach Rutilus rutilus and ide Leuciscus idus. Body length and weight and the developmental stage of sex cell varied in reciprocal hybrids of roach and ide. The hybrids obtained from crossing R. rutilus females with L. idus males (R. rutilus x L. idus) were larger than those obtained from crossing L. idus females with R. rutilus males (L. idus x R. rutilus) (P < 0.001). At the ages of 1.5 and 3 years the hybrids had a similar body length and weight to L. idus (P>0.05) and a greater body length and weight than R. rutilus (P<0.001). The hybrids of L. idus x R. rutilus were smaller than L. idus and larger than R. rutilus (P < 0.001). Two-thirds of the studied L. idus x R. rutilus hybrid females were sexually mature at age 3, and only one R. rutilus x L. idus hybrid female exhibited signs of cytological maturation. In the control samples, roach females reached sexual maturity, while ide females were immature. The testes of 3-year-old R. rutilus x L. idus hybrid males contained spermatogonia and spermatocytes, while those of L. idus X R. rutilus hybrid males most often contained spermatocytes. The ovaries of female reciprocal hybrids of R. rutilus and L. idus contained not only developing oocytes, but also sex cells which stopped developing at an early stage of gametogenesis. These constituted approximately 50-60% of the area of ovary sections in 13% of the studied females, while in other females they were observed singly. The results obtained indicate that rapid somatic growth exhibited by L. idus is inherited by hybrids to a greater extent through L. idus males than through females. The differences in achieving sexual maturity exhibited by the females of reciprocal hybrids of R. rutilus and L. idus suggest that male genomes may have an important impact on this process.
Background. The previous survey on parasites of ide in Poland was carried out in 1987 and there has been no data available on the parasites of this fish from areas in Poland west of the Vistula River. The aim of the present study was to survey the parasite fauna of ide, Leuciscus idus in Lake Dąbie and to compare the. Materials and Methods. Standard parasitological procedures were applied to 110 individuals of ide, Leuciscus idus (L.) caught within 2000-2003 in Lake Dąbie, Szczecin, Poland. Results. All fish examined were infected with parasites. The parasites recovered, represented 32 species and 11 higher taxa (Oligohymenophorea, Myxosporea, Monogenea, Digenea, Nematoda, Palaeacanthocephala, Euacanthocephala, Hirudinea, Copepoda, Branchiura, and Bivalvia). A total of 15 parasite species represented new host records for ide in Poland (Dermocystidium sp. , Myxidium pfeifferi, Zschokella nova, Myxobolus carassii, M. muelleri, Henneguya cutanea, Tripartiella copisa, Paradiplozoon bliccae, Gyrodactylus prostae, Anisakis simplex, Streptocara crassicauda, Philometra rischta, Argulus foliaceus, Piscicola geometra, Hemiclepsis marginata). The highest values of prevalence were recorded for: Ergasilus sieboldi, Diplostomum spp., Tylodephys clavata, and Paracoenogonimus ovatus. Results. with the relevant data on the subject published by other authors. Conclusion. Infection parameters of the presently surveyed ide were distinctly different from those previously described. It is possible that populations of some parasites grew within the past 20 years.
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