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The amniotic fluid (AF) was fractionated by dialysis, gel filtration and SDS/PAGE, and submitted to the assay of collagenous constituents. The collagenous character of peptides and proteins of amniotic fluid was confirmed by hydroxyproline (Hyp) assay and treatment with bacterial collagenase followed by electrophoresis and gel filtration of the digestion products. It was found that AF contains collagen degradation products but the classical method of Hyp determination described by Woessner (Arch. Biochem. Biophys., 1961, 93, 440-447) gives overestimated values due to the interference with other AF components. Fractionation of AF on Sephadex G-100 column allowed to remove the interfering material and to estimate the actual Hyp content which equals to approx. 6.2 μg/ml. About 70% of Hyp was found in low molecular dialyzable products and the rest (about 30%) appears to be a constituent of non-dialyzable collagenous polypeptides of the molecular mass of about 7.9-26.3 kDa. It is suggested that such collagenous polypeptides may be the products of proteolytic conversion of collagen precursor (procollagen) into the monomeric form of this protein. No high molecular forms of collagen, corresponding to alpha-subunits, were found.
Atherosclerosis is thickening of arterial wall, which causes several complications. This study evaluated the protective effect of verbascoside against atherosclerosis and the potential molecular mechanism involved. Atherosclerosis was induced by administering a high-fat diet to rats for 3 months and vitamin D3 for 4 days. Verbascoside (2 mg/kg p.o.) was administered for 6 weeks after the end of high-fat diet administration. The serum levels of inflammatory mediators and the lipid profile were determined, and atherosclerotic lesions were observed via Sudan IV staining. Moreover, immunohistochemical analysis, Western blot assay and qRT-PCR were performed to determine the effect of verbascoside on the AMPK/mTOR pathway in atherosclerosis. The results reveal that verbascoside ameliorated the altered serum levels of inflammatory mediators and the lipid profile as well as the organ coefficients in the atherosclerotic rats. A significant decrease in atherosclerotic lesions was detected in the verbascoside-treated group than the atherosclerosis group. AMPK and mTOR mRNA expression decreased in aortic tissues of the verbascoside-treated group compared to the atherosclerosis group. These data suggest that verbascoside ameliorates atherosclerosis by decreasing hyperlipidaemia in atherosclerosis induced by a high-fat diet.
Nowadays traditional pork is still remaining the most popular meat in many European countries. In contrast, presently there is a growing interest in the production and marketing of non traditional snail meat. The aim of the present study was to compare the quality characteristics of pork and snails’ meat, to determine an impact of animal species on meat quality and to analyse the correlation coefficients of some parameters of meat quality. The meat quality characteristics, as chemical composition and some physical properties, were evaluated after deep-freezing. It was determined that snail meat contained by 11.50% higher amount of water, by 14.60% higher amount of mineral substances and by 77.04% higher amount of amino acid hydroxyproline, but by 77.38% less fat, by 37.94% less protein and by 43.28% tryptophan if to compare to the pork meat. Besides, pH in snail meat tended to be alkaline while in pork meat – acid. Moreover, snail meat was darker, pale red and its yellowness was more intensive than that of the pork meat. The correlation between fat and protein in pork and snail meat, pH with tryptophan and hydroxyproline was negative, whereas pH with fat, and dry matter with ash – positive. However, in pork meat tryptophan and hydroxyproline correlated negatively, while in snail meat – positively. Meat chemical composition and physical properties were effected by animal species.
Calli of salt tolerant (Bhoora rata) and salt susceptible (GR₁₁) rice varieties were cultured on Linsmaeir and Skoog’s medium containing LD₅₀ concentration of NaCl (200 mM) and hydroxyproline (10 mM). Growth, proline content and activity of proline and IAA oxidases of the cultured tissues were determined at the end of 0, 2, 4, and 6 weeks of incubation. Hydroxyproline resistant calli of both rice varieties when cultured on Linsmaeir and Skoog’s medium containing hydroxyproline and NaCl showed increased dry weight and proline content as compared to NaCl stressed calli. The levels of proline and IAA oxidases were also low in the hydroxyproline resistant calli.
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