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The long-term dependences for the changes of deformations and stresses in penstock based on the results of many-year investigations are established. Such investigations were held on the spatial geodetic network on the Tereblya-Rikska hydropower station (HPS). The investigations of the short-term stresses and deformations of the penstock with the use of electronic tachеometer Leica TPS 1201 has been undertaken. Direct correlations between the changes of the length of all baulks and the changes of water level in the storage reservoir are determined
Poland’s accession to the EU has caused a necessity of harmonising Polish with the union law also in the field of energy law. It also enforces achievement of 7,5% share of energy from alternative sources in the total energy consumption in 2010. Execution of this international commitment will require more economic and legal support from the state. The development of alternative sources of energy creates chances of development of rural areas where these kinds of installations are being mostly located. This article presents an analysis of the economic efficiency of energy production on an example of 5 small hydroelectric power stations. The analysis is based on a comparison of full unit costs and unit revenue from energy sale. Bigger stations proved economically efficient while for the smaller the break even point is associated with an average water flow of 153 million m3/year.
The results of hydroacoustical monitoring in three water ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic pressure are presented. One is Żarnowieckie Lake, where a hydroelectric power station is operating, the second is a system of three lakes that are periodically included in the cooling system of the Konin-Pątnów power plant, and the third, the Solina Reservoir, is a typical dam reservoir situated in a recreational, mountainous area. In all three ecosystems, the fish distribution, biomass and migrations showed different patterns dependent on the environmental conditions and their changes due to human activity. In Żarnowieckie Lake, fish abundance increased during summer about four-fold as the probable result of fish migration from littoral to pelagic water, while in the Konin lakes it decreased 2.7 times as the result of fish migration to the lakes affected by the power plant's operation. In the Solina Reservoir, fish abundance was 20 times lower than in the other two ecosystems, which was probably due to high fluctuations in the water level. This prevented the development of the littoral and affected fish breeding grounds.
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