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Three cultivars of Hyacinthus orientalis L. were forced in pots under artificial light using fluorescent lamps which emitted white, blue, green, yellow and red light. Daily light dose was 0.54 mol·m⁻² (25 μmol·m⁻²·s⁻¹ × 6 h). Significant effect of light colour on postharvest longevity and quality of plants was observed. The post-harvest longevity of hyacinths depends, among others, on the length of the flowering period and it is the longest after the application of white and blue light colour. Red light decreased flower life and deteriorated the ornamental value. The rigidity of inflorescence shoots depended on the cultivar, but in all flowers, it was significantly lower than it is recommended in market turnover for flowering plants grown in pots. It also refers to leaves, whose elongation is the greatest under lamps with red colour. In the ‘Fondant’ cultivar, elongation caused a maximal flabbiness of inflorescence shoots and leaves.
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An assessment was made of the usefulness for forcing of five cultivars of Hyacinthus orientalis L.: ‘Carnegie’, ‘City of Haarlem’, ‘Delft Blue’, ‘Jan Bos’, and ‘Lady Derby’. The bulbs were planted on 14 October 2003 and 2004 in Flexy-tray type of pallets filled with water and in plastic boxes with a standard medium. The bulbs were cooled for 12 or 14 weeks. It was found that forcing lasted shorter in the water-filled trays, while longer inflorescence stems were obtained in plants forced in the standard medium. The cooling of the bulbs for 14 weeks resulted in the shortening of the forcing time and in the lengthening of inflorescence stems.
Shoot and bulb induction of hyacinths under the influence of varying light treatments (blue, green, yellow, red, far-red and UV irradiation) was studied in long-term in vitro cultures. Leaf explants were cultivated on solid MS medium containing sucrose or glucose (90, 180 or 360 mM). The light as well as the types and concentrations of carbohydrates affected regeneration. Blue light stimulated growth and development of adventitious shoots and buds regardless of carbohydrate type, while the highest number of bulbs was obtained under red or white light and darkness as well as low and moderate concentrations of sucrose in medium. On average, 360 mM glucose yielded the highest proliferation rate of adventitious bulbs, followed by 180 mM sucrose. Blue light and UV irradiation promoted development of chlorophylls. Blue light also increased the total amount of anthocyanins. Far-red light reduced chlorophyll content.
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