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Hordein polypeptides patterns of 146 mutants in M7 from a hulless spring barley breeding line were examined. The mutants were obtained after treatment of grains of Polish hulless spring barley breeding line, 1N/86, with the chemomutagens N-nitroso-N-methylurea and sodium azide. The mutants were distinguished from the parental line with regard to morphological and yield structure traits. SDS-PAGE of the main hordein fractions, B and C, showed that the electrophoretic patterns of the majority of the analysed mutants were similar to the hordein polypeptide spectrum of the parental line. However, specific hordein patterns were obtained from six of the mutants. In the previous study, the same mutants showed a significantly better feeding value as compared to hulled cultivars and the rest of the analysed mutants.
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Antioxidant capacity of thermally-treated buckwheat

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This paper reports the use of an in vitro chemiluminescent method, ORACFL and SOD-like activity assays for the evaluation of antioxidant capacity of the whole buckwheat and its products after hydrothermal treatment. Phosphate buffer (0.75 mmol/L, pH 7.4) and 80% methanol (v/v) were used for the preparation of extracts originated from untreated buckwheat, hydrothermally-processed whole buckwheat, and obtained light groat and hull from the treated whole buckwheat. The antioxidative capacities of water- (ACW) and lipid-soluble (ACL) compounds were investigated by a facile chemiluminescence assay using a Photochem® device. The superoxide dismutase-like activity (SOD-like activity) was evaluated as free radical scavenging activities of the extracts against superoxide anion radicals (O2 -􀀀) whereas Oxygen Radical Antioxidant Capacity (ORACFL) of the extracts was determined with the spectrofluorimetric assay. Moreover, the content of flavonoids in untreated buckwheat and its products after hydrothermal treatment was provided. The antioxidant capacity of the whole buckwheat before hydrothermal treatment evaluated with the chemiluminescence assay was formed mainly by lipid soluble antioxidants (ACL; 88.8 μmol Trolox/g d.m.) and only in part by the water soluble compounds (ACW; 5.1 μmol Trolox/g d.m.). The hydrothermal treatment of buckwheat whole grains caused a decrease in ACW and ACL by approximately 58% and 17%, respectively. The changes in the antioxidant capacity of untreated buckwheat and its products obtained after hydrothermal treatment were confirmed by the application of SOD and ORACFL methods. Antioxidant capacity of buckwheat material was related to changes in flavonoids composition provided by HPLC analysis.
The chemical composition of Garcinia kola seed and hull was determined using standard methods. Results show that crude protein, lipid extract, ash, and crude fibre ratios are: 39.52 and 99.92 g/kg, 43.25 and 42.91 g/kg, 11.42 and 18.62 g/kg, 114.02 and 153.44 g/kg respectively. Carbon : nitrogen ratios for the seed and hull are 57.88 and 29.01, respectively. Garcinia kola hull had significantly higher (p<0.05) protein and fibre but has comparable values for lipid and ash. Potassium and phosphorus were the most abundant mineral elements in Garcinia kola seed (334.82 and 242.61 mg/kg, respectively) while phosphorus predominates in the hull (288.61 mg/kg). The seed had significantly higher values for sodium, potassium, copper and cobalt while chromium, molybdenum, manganese, nickel, selenium, lead and mercury were not detected. The dominant saturated, monosaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acid, in the seed and hull are palmitic (31.55 and 276.01 mg/kg), oleic (38.36 and 52.77 mg/kg) and linoleic acids (36.16 and 235.83 mg/kg) respectively. The hull has significantly higher (p<0.05) α-linolenic acid content. Glutamic acid is the dominant non-essential amino acid in seed and hull (6.80 and 8.10 g/kg, respectively) while lysine and valine (2.40 and 7.10 g/kg, respectively) are the dominant essential amino acids. The proportion of essential amino acid in the total amino acid is 44.52% in the hull and 35.81% in the seed. Garcinia kola seeds and hulls may find use in food and feed formulations by virtue of their chemical composition.
Nutritional value of protein in 146 mutants of hulless spring barley was estimated. Evaluation of protein quality was based on the portion of a relative content of protein fractions with different amino acid composition and, therefore, with different nutritional value. The ratio of albumins, globulins and glutelins to hordein, determining nutritional value of protein in the initial genotype was 1.1; in mutants it was within the range of 0.9-1.5. Several mutants with a high protein content and good nutritional value have been distinguished.
Condensed tannins and phenolic acids were extracted from canola hulls into acetone-water (70:30; v/v) and fractionated using Sephadex G-25 and G-50 column chromatography with 50% (v/v) acetone as the mobile phase. Three fractions containing phenolic compounds were obtained from the extract using Sephadex G-25 and four using Sephadex G-50. The latter fractions eluted from the columns, packed with either gel, both gels were free of condensed tannins. The contents of total phenolics and condensed tannins were determined in the range of 52–280 mg/g, 0.198–1.153 A500/mg (vanillin method), and 0.333–1.330 A550 /mg (after n-butanol/HCl hydrolysis). The method described can be used as a step in the purification of condensed tannins of canola hulls before semi-preparative RP-18 HPLC column chromatography.
W łupinach i liścieniach nasion różnych gatunków i odmian wyki występują inhibitory pepsyny, trypsyny i chymotrypsyny.
Jednym z etapów przetwórstwa rozdrobnionych materiałów roślinnych jest wcześniejsza separacja składników o zróżnicowanej przydatności. W pracy przedstawiono metodę rozdzielania rozdrobnionych materiałów roślinnych (nasion rzepaku) wykorzystując zachowanie się ich w polu elektrostatycznym. Badania wstępne przeprowadzono w warunkach laboratoryjnych, uwzględniając stopień rozdrobnienia nasion i natężenie pola elektrostatycznego. Zastosowana metoda pozwoliła z rozdrobnionych nasion rzepaku odseparować cząstki łupin nasion, jako materiał mało przydatny do dalszych procesów przetwórczych (pozyskiwanie oleju, wykorzystanie śruty rzepakowej jako karmy dla zwierząt). Przeprowadzone badania potwierdzają, że pole elektrostatyczne w zróżnicowany sposób oddziałuje na materiał sypki pochodzenia roślinnego. Intensywność oddziaływania zależy ściśle od parametrów elektrycznych danego materiału oraz od natężenia pola. Badania wykazały, że wraz ze wzrostem pola elektrostatycznego skuteczność separacji wzrasta.
Łupiny i liścienie różnych gatunków i odmian wyki zawierają inhibitory katepsyny A, katepsyny В i katepsyny D.
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