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The major purpose of this paper is (1) to find out the criteria for voluntary recycling by a for-profit recycler and for state intervention with recycling for a particular recyclable waste, (2) to present models to determine the private and social optimal recycling rates respectively, and (3) to determine optimal implementation policy by providing economic incentives to motivate recycling. The results of the analysis conclude that (1) an increase in conversion efficiency, the price of secondary material, and carbon taxes will lead to an increase in recycling rates, (2) the subsidy based on secondary material recovered will result in a higher recycling rate and will improve recovery technology more than a subsidy for recyclable wastes collected and sorted.
The municipal waste is a waste type that includes predominantly household waste (domestic waste) with sometimes the addition of commercial wastes collected by a municipality within a given area. EU waste management principles were defined in the Waste Framework Directive 75/442/EEC. A transfer station is a building or processing site for the temporary deposition of waste. Transfer stations are often used as places where local waste collection vehicles will deposit their waste cargo prior to loading it into larger vehicles. The primary reason for using transfer station is to reduce the cost of transporting waste to disposal facilities. There are many countries in Europe using this solution in waste management system, for example: Germany, Belgium, Austria, Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Finland. Waste transfer stations play there an important role in a community's total waste management system, serving as the link between a community's solid waste collection program and a final waste disposal facility. In Poland only several waste transfer stations exist, but none of them fulfils the role like this station located in EU or United States of America. This article includes characteristics and role of solid waste transfer stations (located mainly at rural area) in waste management systems.
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