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Data about the presence of Trypanosoma evotomys in Poland are presented. Attention is paid to the morphological features of the strain. Biology of the strain, vector species and hosts species are described.
Dealate gynes of Formica pratensis Retz., after their nuptial flight, were observed heading for colonies of their potential temporary host species in a jsand dune habitat în southern Finland. Two F. pratensis gynes, one within a nest area of Formica cinerea Mayr, and one close to a nest of Formica lusatica Seifert, were noticed walking with a F. cinerea and F. lusatica worker respectively in their mandibles. So far such peculiar behaviour preceding dependent colony founding has only been known in gynes of the subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzs., obligate temporary social parasites. Observations were carried on in June 2006.
Most of 378 upper Eifelian crinoid columnals collected from the lower part of Skały Beds in the Holy Cross Mountains display traces of borings produced by endobionts, but only approximately 20% of them show traces of epibionts. These infested crinoids are represented by 5 stem−based species: Tantalocrinus scutellus, Schyschcatocrinus creber, Gilbertsocrinus vetulus, Pentagonostipes petaloides, and Cycloocetocrinussp. They were fouled by 19 species of suspension−feeding epibionts, including saccamminid foraminiferans, rugose and tabulate corals, cyrtinitid and productid brachiopods, “ctenostome bryozoans”, “cyclostome bryozoans”, cystoporate bryozoans, and rhabdomesid? bryozoans, crinoids, and organisms of uncertain affinities. The majority of these epibionts were opportunistic commensals colonizing living crinoids, and only some utilized dead crinoids as hard substrate for attachment. At least some of these epibionts seem to have settled selectively on particular crinoid host species.
Background. Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus (L.), are known to harbour significantly more sea lice, Caligus elongatus von Nordmann, 1832, than do Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L. This research investigated whether this is due to differences in initial infection or to resettlement/loss of mobile adults. Skin mucus protein profiles and epidermal histology were also studied as two characteristics that might help explain interspecific differences in host susceptibility. Materials and Methods. Atlantic salmon and Arctic charr were sampled from the sea-pen after 12 weeks of exposure to natural infection. Fishes were examined for sea lice counts and mucus was analysed for protein profiles using standard methods of poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Epidermal tissue of fishes around chalimus attachment sites was also examined by transmission electron microscopy. Results. Interspecific differences in host susceptibility were determined not to be due to differences in initial infection rate, as charr and salmon had similar numbers of attached chalimi. Adult parasites were significantly more numerous on charr as a result of resettlement of adults lost by other fishes in the area. Gel electrophoresis indicated that salmon had a greater abundance of skin mucus proteins than charr, particularly in the 30–42 and 67–94 kDa range. Ultrastructural analysis of epidermal tissue indicated that charr had more mucous cells and showed evidence of possible osmotic stress. Interspecific differences also existed in intercellular adhesion characteristics. Salmon and charr showed a similar absence of inflammation around chalimus attachment sites. Conclusion. Artic charr had a more intense infection with Caligus elongatus than did salmon corresponding to fewer potentially antagonistic proteins in the mucus. Perhaps also, the epidermis of charr provides more easily accessible food for the sea lice. Higher levels of stress in charr in sea water may also have predisposed them to higher sea lice infections.
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