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1
Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik
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Mycobiota of the air in hospital rooms and the fungal colonisation of tracheostomy tubes used by patients diagnosed with larynx cancer - preliminary research

100%
Gniadek A., Krzysciak P., Hawryszuk A., Macura A. B., Brzostek T., Skladzien J.
Annals of Parasitology
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2013
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tom 59
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nr 2
A tracheotomy tube, as well as the stoma through which it is inserted into the patient’s throat, may represent a potential risk of fungal infections for patients suffering from larynx cancer. The study was aimed at evaluating the influence of the hospital room environment on the fungal colonisation of tracheotomy tubes in the case of patients diagnosed with larynx cancer and operated on in the Laryngology ward. The mycological research was carried out in the rooms of the Laryngology ward, from which 105 air samples were collected. Twenty-two Portex and metal tracheostomy tubes collected from 13 patients diagnosed with larynx cancer. Fungi were cultured on 15 tracheostomy tubes: moulds were isolated from 3 of these tubes, and fungi belonging to the genus Candida from the remaining 12. The simultaneous occurrence of the same moulds in the air and on the tracheotomy tubes was observed only in one case (Aspergillus flavus). In conclusion, the same moulds observed in the air can sometimes also be found on the tracheotomy tubes used by patients diagnosed with larynx cancer. Yeast-like fungi are isolated from tracheotomy tubes much more frequently than moulds, and this requires further mycological research.
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Cytotoxicity of Aspergillus fungi isolated from hospital environment

80%
Gniadek A., Macura A., Gorkiewicz M.
Polish Journal of Microbiology
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2011
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tom 60
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nr 1
The majority of mycotoxins produced by Aspergillus fungi are immunosuppressive agents, and their cytotoxicity may impair defense mechanisms in humans. The objective of the study was evaluation of the cytotoxicity of fungi isolated from an environment where inpatients with impaired immunity were present. The materials comprised 57 fungal strains: Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger. Aspergillus ochraceus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus versicolor and Aspergillus ustus isolated from hospital rooms in Cracow. The cytotoxicity of all the strains was evaluated using the MTT test (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide). To emphasize the differences in cytotoxicity among the particular strains, variance analysis (ANOVA) and Tukey's difference test were used. Out of 57 Aspergillus strains tested, 48 (84%) turned out to be cytotoxic. The cytyotoxicity was high (+++) in 21 strains, mainly in A. fumigatus. The least cytotoxic were A. niger fungi, this being statistically significant (p<0,05). To protect a patient from the adverse effects of mycotoxins, not only his or her immunity status should be evaluated but also the presence of fungi in hospital environment and their cytotoxicity should be monitored (possible exposure).
3
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Variability of airborne microflora in a hospital ward within a period of one year

80%
Augustowska M., Dutkiewicz J.
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
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2006
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tom 13
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nr 1
The aim of the study was to determine the seasonal variability of the airborne microflora in a hospital ward of the pneumonological department, with regard to potential impact on respiratory status of asthmatic patients hospitalized in the ward. Microbiological air sampling was carried out for a period of 1 year from June–May, during work-days, 16-21 days per month. Each day, the air samples were collected twice: in the morning at 09:00 and in the afternoon at 13:00. Air samples were taken with a custom-designed particle-sizing slit sampler enabling estimations of both total and respirable fractions of the microbial aerosol. Air samples for determination of bacteria were taken on blood agar and air samples for determination of fungi were taken on Sabouraud agar. Mean monthly concentrations of total microorganisms (bacteria + fungi) in the air of the examined hospital ward were between 296.1–529.9 cfu/m3. Mean monthly concentrations of airborne bacteria ranged from 257.1–436.3 cfu/m3, with peak values in November and May and the lowest values from December to February. Mean monthly concentrations of airborne fungi showed much greater variation than bacteria and ranged from 9.9–96.1 cfu/m3 with the very distinct peak in November and the lowest value in May. The variations in monthly concentrations of total microorganisms, bacteria and fungi in the air of hospital ward were statistically significant (p<0.001). The concentrations of total airborne microorganisms, bacteria and fungi recorded in the hospital in the morning were significantly greater compared to those recorded in the afternoon (p<0.01). The mean monthly values of respirable fraction for total microorganisms were within a range of 17.3-44.4%, for bacteria within a range of 17.2-44.8%, and for fungi within a range of 2.2-39.1%. The most common microorganisms in the air of the examined ward were Gram-positive cocci which accounted for 31.4-46.4% of the total count. Gram-negative bacteria and corynebacteria were less numerous, forming respectively 11.8-27.5% and 9.6-20.0% of the total count. Endospore-forming bacilli and actinomycetes occurred in small proportions, respectively 0.3-3.2% and 0-2.0% of the total count. Fungi formed 7.6-42.5% of the total count. The prevailing species was Aspergillus fumigatus which constituted on average 77.0% of total fungal strains isolated from the air of the hospital ward. A significant decrease of spirographic indices (VC, FEV1) in asthmatic patients hospitalized in the ward, at increase of the concentration of airborne bacteria and/or fungi, was found in 9 out of 24 examined patients (37.5%) and in 19 out of 192 analysed single relationships (9.9%). In conclusion, although bacteria and fungi occurred in the air of the examined hospital ward in relatively low numbers (of the order 102 cfu/m3 and 101 cfu/m3 respectively), they should be considered as a possible cause of asthma exacerbations in some patients because of the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus and other potentially pathogenic species.
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Bacterial aerosol in Silesian hospitals: preliminary results

80%
Pastuszka J. S., Marchwinska-Wyrwal E., Wlazlo A.
Polish Journal of Environmental Studies
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2005
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tom 14
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nr 6
The concentration levels of airborne bacteria were measured in clinical/hospital rooms in Upper Silesia, Poland, in buildings of varying conditions. It was found that the typical level of bacterial aerosol concentration is about 10³ CFUm⁻³ in clinical outpatient rooms and ranges from 10² CFUm⁻³ to 10³ CFUm⁻³ in hospitals, depending on the number of occupants and physical quality of the building. The increased level of the airborne bacteria in patient rooms resulting from bed-making was noticed. The Staphylococcus/Micrococcus group was a dominating part of the bacteria in studied hospitals/clinic air, contributing together 58-78% of the total bacteria concentration, confirming that detected airborne bacteria mainly originated from human organisms. The size distributions of bacterial aerosol in naturally ventilated rooms have peaks in the size range between 1.1 and 3.3 μm while in the mechanically ventilated hospital rooms with HVAC the peak appears in the diameter range from 3.3 μm to 4.7 μm.
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