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Blue dun colour with no white markings represents a trait of the Polish Konik horse breed. However, in spite of long-term selection, non-blue-dun individuals, and those with the markings have still been appearing. The aim of this study was to analyse the genetic structure of the Polish Konik population with respect to coat colour and, on this basis, to propose improved methods of selection. The material comprised Polish Konik horses registered in all eight volumes of the studbook published so far.
Direct and maternal additive genetic variances as well as covariances between these effects were estimated via derivative-free restricted maximum likelihood algorithm under an animal model. 2750 half-bred mares from four Studs were recorded. The following three traits were analysed: height of wither, circumference of chest, circumference of canon. The breed group, year of birth and place of birth were included as fixed effects. The computations were performed using two genetic models (with and without maternal effects). Direct additive heritability estimates were 0.539 for height of wither, 0.345 (and 0.442 from maternal model) for circumference of chest and 0.233 for circumference of cannon. Using the likelihood ratio test it was concluded that the maternal effects were significiant for the analysed traits. Generally, negative correlation estimates between direct and maternal genetic effects were found for single traits.
In this study a wide range of genetic markers (12 microsatellites, 7 blood-group loci, 10 blood-protein loci) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) were used to assess genetic diversity in Polish Heavy horses. Three random samples were sequenced for 421 bp of the mitochondrial D-loop region, but no clear phylogenetic patterns were seen in mtDNA variation. Both heterozygosity and diversity levels are fairly high in Polish Heavy horses. In phylogenetic analysis the draught horses form a distinct cluster that pairs with the true pony breeds. Within this ‘cold-blooded’ group, the Polish Heavy Horse clusters most closely with the Posavina breed from Croatia and the Breton breed from France. From the standpoint of genetic conservation, the Polish Heavy Horse does not appear to be in jeopardy.
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