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The identification system of horses used in Poland is based on the old classification of coat colours which does not include all colours based on colour inheritance patterns. As a result, some colours are incorrectly described. In order to evaluate the scale of the problem, the accuracy of colour identification was assessed by verifying 5779 pedigrees of horses of three different breeds. The verification was performed based on the colour inheritance patterns using a classification of discrepancies. Such discrepancies were detected in 26 cases and related mainly to diluted colours and black. The problem, however, should not be neglected. The number of incorrectly described horses is probably higher, since not all discrepancies can be detected based only on breeding records. The study demonstrated that some errors could be avoided by updating the classification of coat colours. However, a complete elimination of errors is impossible without genetic testing.
Colic in horses very often induces changes in the coagulation system causing the development of disseminated intravascular clotting. It is promoted by blood concentration and an increase in exposition of coagulation activators with a simultaneous decrease in coagulation inhibitors activity, mainly antithrombin III. Progressing blood platelets aggregation supports production of microthromboses and plugging capillary vessels. The progression of this processes causes complications in basic disease and becomes the reason for therapeutic failure. Determination of coagulation system indexes such as the number of platelets, prothrombin time, activated partial thromboplastin time, thrombin time, concentration of fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products, and D-dimmer and antithrombin III contents enables diagnosis and facilitates appropriate therapy of colic in horses.
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The studies aimed to induce endotoxin tolerance in horses and to evaluate this state with regard to clinical observations. Investigations involved 8 clinically healthy mares subjected to 4 iv. injections with 0.1 μg/kg b.w. doses of LPS from E. coli each; the three fast doses (LPS-1, LPS-2, and LPS-3) were given daily whereas the fourth injection (LPS-4) was performed one week after LPS-3. Rectal temperature, heart and respiratory rates were measured before LPS administration and 1 h, 2 h, 3 h, 5 h, and 7 h thereafter. The first dose of endotoxin produced a rise in body temperature by 0.8°C after 2 h. However, the consecutive injections weakened temperature response which indicated stimulation of an early-type pyrogenic tolerance. Statistically significant differences between the LPS-1 and LPS-2 responses were found 1 h and 2 h after injection. The administration of LPS-4 produced less visible body temperature alterations suggesting tolerance attenuation after 7 days. Mean respiratory and heart rates were the highest after LPS-1 but no significant differences after subsequent injections were found.
The aim of the study is to show the advantages of using horses and modern horse-drawn machines in organic farming. The study presents the benefits derived from using horses in agriculture from the aspects of sustainable development. Workhorses, both in organic farming as well as on small family farms, serve as sources of renewable energy thus contributing to the protection of biodiversity. Modern horse-drawn machines and tools improve farms’ self-reliance, enhances the living standards of on-farm workers, empowers local communities and leads to job-creation. The need for further studies and analysis of the use of workhorses in aspects regarding sustainable development in Poland was also signified.
The objective of this study was to analyse the influence of introducing Schweres Warmblut (SchW) blood on the zoometric features of Silesian breed horses. The research material was pure Silesian breed horses and crossbreeds with the SchW breed, born in the period of 1984–2004. The population was divided into four groups, depending on the contribution of Schweres Warmblut blood (0.0%, 0.1–24.9%, 25.0–49.9% and 50% and more). Differences were determined among groups in the range of values of the three basic characteristics (height at withers, chest and cannon circumferences), build indices (massiveness, boniness and strength), and point-scale estimation. The highest differences between Silesian horses and F1 generation crossbreeds were observed in height at withers (stallions: 161.04 and 165.13 cm, mares: 159.58 and 162.45 cm), massiveness index (stallions:124.56 and 120.19), and point-scale estimation (mares: 77.0 and 79.61 points, respectively). The groups with lower shares of SchW blood were characterized by intermediate values that corresponded more to changes that took place in the Silesian breed over time, than to those resulting from the contribution of SchW blood.
The study included 114 clinically healthy horses representing different groups: breeding horses (27), recreation horses (22), and sport horses (65). The group of sport horses consisted of racehorses (11), trotters (15), jumping horses (25), and driving horses (14). The peripheral blood samples collected three times: before exercise, immediately after exercise, and after 30-min rest were examined for the activity of oxygen metabolism of neutrophils using chemiluminescence (CL). The study demonstrated a temporary post-exercise intensification of free radical processes in sport horses. The intensity of this reaction depended on the intensity and duration of the exercise workload, which was confirmed by the changes in the heart rate and breathing. The analysis of the results of pre-exercise examination demonstrated clearly higher CL values of neutrophils in horses trained regularly and intensively than in animals of small physical activity. This result proves a positive influence of regular training on oxygen-dependent bactericidal activity of neutrophils.
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