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Fish (herring, cod, eelpout, round goby, flounder, perch, lamprey, pikeperch, sand eel and lesser sand eel) caught in the Gulf of Gdansk in 1992 contained the residues of penta- (PCBz) and hexachlorobenzene (HCBz) in concentrations from 0.09 to 0.75 and from 0.36 to 3.7 ng/g wet weight (3.3-14 and 6.5-41 ng/g lipid weight), respectively. Both compounds were identified and quantified using capillary gas chromatography and low resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/LRMS) after a non-destructive extraction and clean-up step with a semipermeable polyethylene membrane and further fractionation on the Florisil column. A higher HCBz/PCBz ratio indicated in some species of fish caught near the city of Gdynia when compared to the specimens caught close to the city of Gdansk indicated the existence of a slight local source of pollution with HCBz in the area of the seaport of the city of Gdynia.
An attempt has been made to review pollution of the Baltic fish and fishery products by hexachlorobenzene (HCBz) and to estimate daily intake of HCBz and pentachlorobenzene (PCBz) with marine and freshwater fishes and fishery products in Poland. The calculated arithmetic mean weighed concentrations of HCBz in muscle tissue of the Baltic fish are 22 ng/g wet weight in herring in 1973-1985 (n = 3115) and 4.3 ng/g in 1986-1992 (n = 371); 14 ng/g in sprat in 1971-1985 (n = 939); 6.4 ng/g in salmon in 1976-1982 (n = 151); 14 ngig in eel in 1981-1982 (n = 480); 200 ng/g m cod-liver in 1973-1978 (n = 72) and 85 ng/g in 1979-1990 (n = 918); 0.65 ng/g in cod in 1981-1992 (n = 527); 2.2 ng/g in flatfishes in 1974-1992 (n = 396); 0.96 ng/g in perches in 1983-1992 (n = 70) and 2.8 ng/g in other fish species in 1981-1992 (n = 192). The intake of HCBz has been assessed for 60 to 92 ng/person/day in the years 1973-1985 and from 45 to 56 ng/person/day (mean 52 ng) in 1989-1996, while of PCBz for 7.8 to 11 ng/person/day (mean 9.4 ng) in 1989-1996.
We examine the composition and levels of organic contaminants (PAHs, PCB, HCB) in four sediment cores collected from the Barents Sea. We assess the influence of temporal variations in contaminant supplies and post-depositional reworking on contaminant distribution. Anthropogenic levels of P12PAH reached 95 ng g−1, higher inventories dominated by BKF were observed at southern stations, while northern stations exhibited lower inventories with PHE as the dominant compound. The PCB composition was similar at all stations dominated by CB101, 138 and 153. P7PCB concentrations were higher at northern stations. The observed composition and spatio-temporal pattern of organic contaminants is in accordance with long-range transport supplies.
Hexachlorobenzene exposure from food in Poland in 1970-1996 was calculated by multiplying its annualized mean consumption rates by residue concentrations quantified in food. Estimated daily dietary intakes of hexachlorobenzene were 1.3 to 1.5 μg per capita in 1970-1996, on average. Grains, potatoes, vegetables and fruits, meat, fish and dairy products nearly equally contributed as a source of hexachlorobenzene exposure in total diet in Poland.
W opracowaniu przedstawiono przegląd piśmiennictwa dotyczący metabolizmu i toksyczności bromopochodnych aromatycznych stosowanych jako środki uniepalniające (zmniejszające palność).
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