Equine herpesvirus 1 (EHV1) is one of the most important infectious agents in horses. This virus causes inflammation of the upper respiratory tract, pneumonia, abortion, death of newborn foals and encephalomyelitis known as Equine Herpesvirus Myeloencephalopathy (EHM). In recent years there has been a marked increase in the incidence of EHM caused by infection with neuropathogenic strains of EHV1. For this reason, some experts believe that EHM should be classified as a newly emerging infectious disease. Although this disease is less frequently observed than the other clinical forms of EHV1 infection, it may cause serious economic losses in breeding horses and have a very negative impact on the functioning of riding schools, racetracks and veterinary hospitals. This review discusses selected aspects of EHM, such as the link between the neurologic form of the disease and the EHV1 genotype, clinical signs, and methods of diagnosis and prevention.
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