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In this field experiments, sandy loam soil was treated with different concentration of herbicide (Quizalofop-ethyl) 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2 per cent. Sesbania sesban L. seeds were sown in all treated soil. The germination percentage, morphological and enzymes activities were measured after 20, 40 and 120 days. The results indicate that the germination per cent, morphological parameters were increased in control then it was gradually decreased with increasing the herbicide concentration. The enzymes like catalase and peroxidase activity were increased in control then it was decreased with increasing the concentration. Whereas the polyphenoloxidase acticity was lower in control and it was increased with increasing the herbicides concentration. Hence, after 120 days plants were harvested and the plant powder was analyzed for absorption of herbicide by plant with the help of Gas chromatography mass spectrum (GCMS). The obtained data showed that herbicide absorption was concerned in quiazalofop-ethyl treated plant when compared to control. This study expose that herbicide reduced by Sesbania sesban L.
The application of SPME/GC-MS in order to determine the (4-chloro-2-methylphenoxy) acetic acid (MCPA) residues in winter wheat seedlings tissues has been studied. The optimal conditions for the SPME of MCPA adsorption were 20 min. in 50oC and 6 min. in 220oC for desorption. The chlorophenoxy herbicide showed different level of accumulation in seedling tissues of studied winter wheat cultivars. The application of the SPME/GC-MS method for the MCPA residues monitoring and possible differences in its biodegradation in the studied wheat tissues is discussed.
Analyses of the ground waters in respect of presence of residues of plant protection products, i.e. active substances as well as environmental metabolites thereof are performed in the Institute of Plant Protection since the end of 80ties of the past Century. Based on the results obtained in 1993–1994 for 40 wells located in administrative territories of former Poznań, Toruń and Bydgoszcz voivodeships, in the vicinity of intensive agricultural production areas (orchards, farms), wells where significant amounts of residues of triazines group and dealkylated metabolites thereof had been found previously were qualified to further studies. There were 6 wells in which triazine residues were determined most often. Additionally, based on hydrogeological maps, directions of underflows in the areas of well’s locations were determined as well. The aim of the above was to find the additional places for sampling waters distant from pollution sources and estimation of the level of residues of target compounds depending on distance from the basic wells. Seven triazine compounds including basic active substances (atrazine, simazine) and their metabolites [desethyl atrazine, desisopropyl atrazine, desethyldesisopropyl atrazine, hydroxyatrazine and hydroxysimazine] were selected for the presented studies. Residues were analyzed using methodologies designed in the Institute, i.e. solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by determination by chromatographic techniques HPLC-PDA, GC-NPD and GC-MS. Generally, during 11 years of investigations (1993–2003) samplings were performed 52 times and 323 samples of groundwater including that from additional wells were analyzed. Most often residues of atrazine and deethylatrazine in wells located in environs of Poznań were detected.
A field trial was conducted to evaluate the residues of Bispyribac sodium 10 % SC on rice crop during Kharif season 2013 at Kandikai in Thiruvallur District, Tamilnadu, India. Randomized block design was followed withthree treatments forthree replicates. Bispyribac sodium 10 % SC 200 g a.i./ha, 500 g a.i./ha and control (water spray) was sprayed using hand operated Maax battery sprayer with a spray volume of 300 litres per hectare at 15 days after transplantation of rice crop (ADT 45). At harvest, samples of grain, straw and soil were collected replicate wise from each treatment along with the control. These samples were stored in icebox and transfer to the laboratory under cooled condition for analysis.All the residues samples were analyzed for Bispyribac sodium content by a validated HPLC method at the minimum detectable concentration of 0.01 ppm. The result revealed that no detectable level of Bispyribac sodium in straw, grain and soil at harvest. Thepost treatmentand pre-harvest intervalwas 60 days after transplantation.
The aim of the studies was to evaluate the herbicidal contaminations in sugar beet roots. Monitoring tests were carried out during 2010–2012 on sugar beet plantation located in South-Western Poland. The samples of sugar beet roots were collected at harvest time. The determination of fenmedipham, desmedipham, ethofumesate, metamitrom, chloridazon and lenacil residues were conducted using the high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV – high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet). Monitoring studies showed that 56% of tested root samples did not contain detectable residues of tested herbicides. The residues of herbicide determined in 44% of samples ranged from 0.0004 to 0.0096 mg/kg. The concentration of residues detected in tested root samples did not exceed the maximum residue levels (MRLs).
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