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Several new 3-substituted isoxazolecarboxamides have been prepared from aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes. A key step was a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of nitrile oxides to ethyl acrylate or methacrylate esters. Some of the amides showed high fungicidal activities against Alternaria alternate, Botrytis cinerea, Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium culmorum, and Phytophthora cactorum strains.
The two-year field experiments (2008–2009) were carried out to determine the efficacy of propizochlor (Proponit 720 EC) applied alone and tank-mixtures of propizachlor with other herbicides to weed control and selectivity in maize. Treatments were applied pre-emergence and early post-emergence at the 1–2 leaf stage of maize. Maize plants showed good tolerance to all pre-emergence herbicide treatments. Post-emergence treatments with propizachlor applied alone and in mixture with other herbicides caused phytotoxic symptoms on maize plants. The results showed that biological efficacy of propizochlor mixtures with different herbicides applied at lower doses was satisfactory against grass and broadleaf weeds in maize. In general, propizochlor mixture provided higher control of weeds (e.g. Chenopodim album, Centaurea cyanus, Galium aparine, Stellaria media, Viola arvensis, Echinochloa cruss-galii, Polygonum sp.) than propizochlor used alone. Using some combinations of pre- and post-emergence herbicide mixtures at lower doses can be a good strategy for decreasing cost of treatments and provide a satisfactory effect of weed control in maize.
The effectiveness of herbicides Stomp 330 EC in weed control and influence of applied herbicides on total yield of tobacco were studied at the Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation in 2006–2007. Stomp 330 EC gave around 100% weed control of Apera spica-venti, Chenopodium album, Anthemis arvensis, Echinochloa crus-galli in both locations. Stomp 330 EC in the dose 4 l/ha caused small plant injuries, however it was not effective in increasing leaf yield. The yield of tobacco on weed controlled plots was higher than that of untreated ones and plots controlled with herbicide Command 480 EC.
Susceptibility of newly emerged seedlings of Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. Karst.] to selected herbicides was examined under greenhouse conditions. The following active substances were investigated: propaquizafop (50 g/ha), mesotrione (100 g/ha), nicosulfuron (40 g/ha), pendimethalin (990 g/ha), fluroxypyr 125 (g/ha), clopyralid (90 g/ha), iodosulfuron-methyl-sodium (7.5 g/ha), MCPA (562.5 g/ha), clopyralid (100 g/ha) + fluroxypyr (150 g/ha) + triclopyr (200 g/ha), bentazone (1440 g/ha). Only after the application of propaquizafop no damages were observed. A low level of phytotoxicity (needle growth was slightly inhibited) occurred after pendimethalin and clopyralid application. The other herbicides caused major damages of seedlings. Following the visual assessment, the plants were cut and fresh shoot biomass was determined. Only propaquizafop did not affect biomass production, while the other herbicides significantly reduced the fresh biomass of seedlings.
The research was carried out in 2007–2009 in the Institute of Plant Protection – National Research Institute in Poznań. Six field trials were carried out on spring wheat and spring barley in two sites of Poland. The aim of experiments was an evaluation of efficacy of some herbicides applied at full (recommended) doses and reduced doses (½ and ¼ of full dose). The following active substances were used: 2,4-D, MCPA, fluroxypyr, amidosulfuron and tribenuron-methyl. Applied herbicides used at reduced did not effectively the number of weeds however they had a positive effect on weed weight reduction. Yield of spring cereals from all treated plots was higher as compared to untreated ones. The amount of yield obtained after full doses of herbicides application (except MCPA) was significantly higher comparing to untreated plots. No significant differences was recorded between treated plots. The obtained results showed the possibility of weed controlling at lower doses of herbicides, according to proecological directions protection of natural environment as well as integrated pest management.
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