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An ethno-botanical survey of Vijayapur district comprising five tehsils was conducted during February 2014 to December 2015. The main purpose of this survey was to document the traditional use of medicinal plants for primary infertility in women in vijayapur district. 13 species belonging to 13 genera and 12 families were found to be used to treat primary infertility. The scientific name, family, local name, habit along with part used and mode of their administration are provided.
The present study documents the ethnomedicinal and conservation status of 91 herbs belonging to 81 genera and 66 families in tehsil Banda Daud Shah during 2012-2013. The information about conservation and ethnobotanical was collected through questioners and personal interviews during fieldwork using the IUCN 2001, Red Data List Categories and Criteria. Among these 36 species were found to be rare, vulnerable (30 species), infrequent (13 species), endangered (8 species) and dominant (4 species). From the present investigation we concluded that most plant species are going to become endangered because the natural vegetation area was change into urbanization.
The present investigation has been carried out to find the ethno medicinal value of plants in Thanjuvur District of Tamil Nadu, India. This study of ethno medicinal value of plants and cure the various disease of around the Thanjuvur District. Ancient methods of treatment by ethno medicinal value of various types of trees, shrubs, herbs and underground modification such as root, stem, bark, leaves, flowers, fruits and seed. The ethno medicinal value of plants make grounded plant parts, and juices used to cure the various diseases like, cough, cold, asthma, eye disease, ulcer, jaundice, rheumatic arthritis, memory stimulants, wound healing and cardiovascular disease. We have identified and reported more than 38 species of medicinally important plants belonging to 25 families.
Numbers of patients who use easily available herbal medicines are growing rapidly. The drugs are often regarded to be a safe alternative when conventional therapies are not effective. Testing drug pharmacokinetics in vivo is of special importance. It is to be re­membered that an interaction predicted theoretically and confirmed in vitro does not have to implicate a clinical importance. In the paper several important herb-drug interactions occurring in the pharmacokinetic phase are reported. Interactions occurring in the bio­transformation phase are the most common and of particular importance, especially if cytochrome P450 (CYP) isozymes are involved. Determining changes in pharmacokinetics enables modifying doses of interfering drugs.
The effect of administration of Methanolic extract of Achyranthsu asper on biochemical parameter of mice were investigated. This drug induced significant reduction in the cholesterol level and amount of RNA. But significant increase in the amount of glycogen at 25 mg/kg and no significant reduction in the amount of glycogen at 50 mg/kg. This drug also induced increase in the level of alkaline phospatese and decrease in the level of acid phosphatase, protein and DNA, but these changes are statistically not significant. Protein 25 mg shows 4.22 ±0.112 and 50 mg shows 4.05 ±0.085. Cholesterol 25mg shows 0.5 ±0.04 and 50 mg shows 0.39 ±0.038. Glycogen 25mg shows 0.288 ±0.011 and 50mg shows 0.248 ±0.177. DNA 25mg shows 0.109 ±0.039 and 50 mg shows 0.085 ±0.035, RNA 25mg shows 0.38 ±0.036 and 50 mg shows 0.25 ±0.031
The study was carried out to assess the traditional knowledge of herbal plants in a Kalvarayan Hills, Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu. It was carried out through face to face interview with respondent, collection and identification of herbal plants in the hills. A total number of 60 species of herbal plants were recorded during a series of folk botanical surveys at a hill at Villupuram District, Tamil Nadu. A majority of these species are herbaceous angiosperms, followed by trees and shrubs. The most common part of the plant used in preparing for herbal medicine is the bark, leaves, roots, stem, flowers, and fruits. Mostly the plants are used for general health, to treat dermatological complaints, reproductive system, abdominal problems and fever compared to other ailments. The most common method of herbal preparation is poultice, followed by decoction and infusion. Thus, more medicinal plants are used topically than orally.
The rising number of patients with liver dysfunction due to overwhelming usage of drugs and alcohol has paved the path for researchers in an interest in herbal medicine. This is because there are only a few universally effective and available options for the treatment of common liver diseases, such as cirrhosis, fatty liver and chronic hepatitis. Herbal treatment has been used to alleviate disorders related to liver and other internal organs for many centuries in the eastern world, and have currently become a favourable therapy internationally for pathological liver conditions. In recent years, researchers have used scientific methods to evaluate the effects of plants for the treatment of liver ailments, although in many cases the mechanisms and modes of action of these plants, as well as their therapeutic effectiveness, have not been confirmed. Several hundred plants have been examined to-date, but only a handful has been studied thoroughly. Among these, the current study discusses a compilation of herbal medicines used for liver protection, such as Silymarin (milk thistle), Liv-52, Camellia sinensis (green tea), Glycyrrhizaglabra (licorice) and FuzhengHuayu. The increasing use of herbal medicines reflects their perceived effectiveness in the treatment and prevention of disease, and the belief that these treatments are safe because they are ‘natural’. The presented study evaluates the effects of herbal extracts in the treatment of liver diseases, provides a general understanding of the actions of herbal medicines, a background for understanding the hepatoprotectiveness of herbs, and the challenges that are faced by the scientific community in researching thoroughly of each and every compounds of the herbs.
The hydrodistilled essential oil of aerial parts of Tanacetum balsamita L. ssp. balsamitoides (Schultz-Bip.) Asteraceae growing spontaneously in Tabriz (North-West of Iran) was analyzed by GC-MS. Twenty-three components comprising 96.83% of the total essential oil were identified. Oxygenated monoterpens (87.93%) were the major class of identified components. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (6.66%) were the second class. Main monoterpene constituents of the aerial parts essential oil were carvone (49.11%), α-thujone (24.6%), β- thujone (2.68%) and 1,8-cineole (2.59%). β-bisabolene (4.44%) a sesquiterpene hydrocarbone was also present in significant amounts. According to the volatile oil profile, T. balsamita L. ssp. balsamitoides (Schultz-Bip.) plant studied in the present experiment was belong to the carvone/α-thujone chemotype that produces appreciable amounts of β-bisabolene.
Out of 750,000 known plants in the world, a major part are medicinal and aromatic plants – a source of raw material for folk and documented systems of medicines worldwide. The folk and documented medicine in India use about 6,000 plants, although, less than 50 species have been scientifically studied and cultivated to any sizeable extent. The main factor behind the slow pace of domestication of medicinal plants is the absence of knowledge on cultivation practices and lack of suitable technology. About 90% of the medicinal plants for trade are harvested from the wild and the demand for traditional medicinal plants is increasing rapidly. Continuous exploitation of several medicinal plant species from the wild has resulted in their population decline. Hence, an effective strategy is needed for their sustainable utilization and conservation. Cultivation is the most effective way of conservation. Cultivation can also ensure production of standardized raw materials. Thereby, enhances the quality of the manufactured products. The methods and techniques of modern chemical agriculture cannot be adopted for the cultivation of medicinal plants as they should be free from harmful residues. Pesticides and other harmful chemicals have been detected in some herbal products. Hence, to ensure a safe, residue-free and reliable material for use in herbal drug industry, there is an urgent need to adopt strategies for cultivation of medicinal plants that are consistent with principles of good agricultural practices.
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Health properties of selected herbal plants

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Herbs contain many biologically active natural substances and their properties have made it possible for people to use herbs in cooking and medicine for centuries. The use of herbal mixtures can prevent the illnesses, regenerate the body, regulate intestinal flora, strengthen the nervous, respiratory, digestive and circulatory systems. The objective of the study is the presentation of selected species of medicinal plants which are important to human body. Valuable, healthy properties of herbs result from the contained within them biologically active compounds such as glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, tannins, bitterness, locks, pectin, minerals and vitamins. Properly matched herbs are natural and safe agents for treatment of many illnesses. Herbal preparations are prepared from fresh or dried, suitably comminuted plants and can be used internally and externally. They help to maintain good health and generally strengthen the body. Herbs are not only used in herbal medicine, but also in the food, cosmetic and perfumery industries. Herbal medicine is an effective method to take care of health by preventing illnesses and their treatment. Herbs have antibacterial properties, reduce the risk of cardio-vascular diseases and cancer, they can reduce the level of cholesterol in the blood and provide support to the respiratory and digestive systems. The proper selection of herbs and method of they consume is critical, because some of them have toxic properties, and various kinds of illnesses or specified physiological states constitute contraindications to their use.
Arnica sp. infusions and tinctures play a great role in the traditional and contemporary medicine. Seeds of plantation-grown Arnica montana L. (AM) and Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa Less. (AC ) are a good source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In both studied genera higher levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in water extracts. Regardless of plant genus, predominant fractions of phenolics were determined in seeds, comprising chlorogenic, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. All samples show high antioxidant activity, however, their levels depend on the extraction procedure and used material. The free radicals were scavenged most effectively by extracts of AC seeds (30.3% – SASA, 31.3% – DPPH and 39.8% – ABTS, respectively). It should be noted that lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited by both studied tinctures. It is noteworthy that studied samples show positive correlations between inhibition of lipid peroxidation ability and total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (r=0.89 and r=0.83, respectively). Results obtained from this study show that Arnica seeds extract, either alone or in combination with other active principles, can be used in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
The evaluation of glycosyl composition is an essential step to guide future research designs applied in bioactivity. In the same way, the unexplored potential bioactivity of exopolysaccharide from Ganoderma lucidum is huge. Therefore, this study investigated the glycosyl composition of the exopolysaccharide isolated from submerged fermentation of G. lucidum to serve as guide for future studies on bioactivity. Glycosyl content and composition were evaluated by combined GC/ MS of the TMS derivatives of the monosaccharide methyl glycosides produced from the sample by acidic methanolysis. Glycosyl composition analysis showed that the dominant carbohydrate component in all samples of exopolysaccharide isolated from submerged fermentation of G. lucidum CG 144 was glucose (58.1%), mannose (26.6%) and galactose (12.5%) which can be referred to as heteroglycan. These results suggest that this Ganoderma exopolysaccharide may be a new immunomodulatory agent.
Arnica sp. infusions and tinctures play a great role in the traditional and contemporary medicine. Seeds of plantation-grown Arnica montana L. (AM) and Arnica chamissonis var. foliosa Less. (AC ) are a good source of bioactive compounds such as phenolic acids and flavonoids. In both studied genera higher levels of phenolic acids and flavonoids were detected in water extracts. Regardless of plant genus, predominant fractions of phenolics were determined in seeds, comprising chlorogenic, caffeic acid, quercetin and kaempferol. All samples show high antioxidant activity, however, their levels depend on the extraction procedure and used material. The free radicals were scavenged most effectively by extracts of AC seeds (30.3% – SASA, 31.3% – DPPH and 39.8% – ABTS, respectively). It should be noted that lipid peroxidation was strongly inhibited by both studied tinctures. It is noteworthy that studied samples show positive correlations between inhibition of lipid peroxidation ability and total flavonoids and phenolic acids content (r=0.89 and r=0.83, respectively). Results obtained from this study show that Arnica seeds extract, either alone or in combination with other active principles, can be used in cosmetic, nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.
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