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The helminth fauna of the European mole (Talpa europaea L., 1758) was studied on the basis of 269 host individuals from 39 localities in France and Spain. Twelve helminth species were recorded: two digeneans - Ityogonimus lorum (Dujardin, 1845) (Brachylaimidae) and Nephrotrema truncation (Leuckart, 1842) (Troglotrematidae); one cestode – Multitesticulata filamentosa (Goeze, 1782) (Dilepididae); and 9 nematodes - Capillaria talpae (Siebold, 1850), Eucoleus oesophagicola Sołtys, 1952, Liniscus incrassatus (Diesing, 1851), Trichuris feliui Ribas et Casanova, 2004 (Trichuridae), Parastrongyloides winchesi Morgan, 1928 (Strongyloididae), Porrocaecum spp. larvae (Ascarididae), Spirura talpae (Gmelin, 1790) (Spiruridae), Tricholinstowia linstowi (Travassos, 1918) and T. mornanti Durette-Desset et Vaucher, 1974 (Heligmonellidae). In the general helminth fauna, S. talpae was found the most prevalent species (43.9%) and with the highest infection intensity. Prevalences of l. lorum, L. incrassatus, Porrocaecum spp. and T. mornanti ranged from 9.7 to 17.5% and mean intensities between 1.4 and 2.3. L. capillaris, Porrocaecum spp., S. talpae and T. mornanti are core species in the helminth community of T. europaea. The rest of species are considered satellite. All the species found in males are present in females except E. oesophagicola. No significant differences were found between males and femaks in quantitative parameters. Values of Lefkovitch's index indicate a negative binomial distribution for all species. Correlation between altitude of the biotopes and species richness was not significant. Qualitative and quantitative data were compared with other known helminthological studies of Talpa spp. in Europe.
To determine the helminth fauna of wild boars, 160 stomachs and intestines, 72 lungs and 58 livers of animals from eight areas in Corsica, have been examined. It is the first study made in this Mediterranean island. The evaluation of the helminthic composition revealed six following species: Dicrocoelium dendriticum (Rudolphi, 1819), larval stage of Echinococcus granulosus (Goeze, 1782), Ascaris suum (Goeze, 1782), Metastrongylus sp., Globocephalus urosubulatus (Alessandrini, 1909), Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus (Pallas, 1781). Differences among prevalence data indicated an overdispersed helminth distribution in Corsica.
Post-mortem examination of 22 red deer (in January, May, August and October 1990-1991) yielded ca 18,000 parasites representing 15 species. For one species, Spiculopteragia dagestanica, red deer appeared to be new host. Prevalence and intensity of infection in relation to the season of the year was considered. All red deer examined harboured nematodes of the subfamily Ostertagiinae in the abomasum, the mean intensity amounted to 830 parasites per host, the highest intensity (1610) was observed in May, the lowest (262) in January. The level of infection was compared with parasitological data from other hunting grounds in Poland. High density of red deer stock in the area examined (100/1000 ha) seems to have little bearing on the level of infection of red deer with helminth parasites.
In this paper we considered information on the helminth fauna of the European common brown frog (Rana temporaria Linnaeus, 1758) from 10 regions of the Volga basin. This study includes consolidated data of different authors over the last 30 years, supplemented by the results of our own research. There are reliably known finds of 29 species of helminths: Monogenea — 1, Trematoda — 21, Nematoda — 7. Trematodes Gorgodera asiatica Pigulevsky, 1945, Paralepoderma cloacicola (Luhe, 1909), mtc. and nematodes Icosiella neglecta (Diesing, 1851) were observed for the first time in a given host on the territory of Russia and the Volga Basin. Six species of worms make the basis of helminth fauna: nematodes Rhabdias bufonis, Oswaldocruzia filiformis, Neoxysomatium brevicaudatum and Cosmocerca ornata, trematode Haplometra cylindracea and monogenea Polystoma integerrimum. These six species are the most common and widespread parasites of the brown frog. For each species of helminths there is the following information included: taxonomic position, localization, area of detection, biology, definitive hosts, geographic distribution, the degree of host-specificity.
Eighteen species of birds of prey in the Netherlands were examined for helminth parasites: Accipitriformes - Accipiter gentilis (15 birds), A. nisus (9), Aquila pomarina (1), Buteo buteo (56), B. lagopus (4), Circaetus gallicus (2), Circus aeruginosa B (2), C. cyaneus (3), Pernis apivorus (5); Falconiformes - Falco coluinbarius (2), F. peregrinus (2), F. subbuteo (6), F. tinnunculus (31); Strigiformes — Asio flammeus (3), A. otus (35), Athene noctua (12), Strix aluco (19) and Tyto alba (15). Sixteen nematode species were found: Baruscapillaria falconis, Capillaria tenuissima, Eucoleus dispar, Pterothominx caudinflata, Cyathostoma americana, Porrocaecum angusticolle, P. depressum, P. spiralae, Physaloptera alata, P. apivori, Procyrnea leptoptera, P. seurati, P. spinosa, Spirocerca lupi, Synhimantus laticeps and Diplotriaena henryi. All species of birds were infected with nematodes with the exception of F. peregrinus. Eleven trematode species were present: Brachylaeme fuscatus, Echinostoma revolutum, Echinoparyphium agnatum, Strigea falconis, S. strigis, Parastrigea flexilis, Neodiplostomim spathoides, N. attenuation, Ichthyocotylurus platycephalus and Prosthogonimus cuneatus. Trematode infections were found in all birds except A. nisus, C. cyaneus, P. apivorus, F. columbarius, F peregrinus and A. flammeus. Centrorhynchus aluconis was the only identifiable acanthocephalan. Acanthocephalan infections were seen in A. nisus, B. buteo, C. gallicus, C. aeruginosus and S. aluco. Cestode infections were seen in 8 bird species. The cestodes could not be identified to the genus, because they were poorly preserved. Most findings are new host records for the Netherlands.
A total of 863 specimens of Gammarus spp. was examined for helminth parasites. The amphipods were collected in the summers of 1988-1990 from 5 places along the shore of the south-east Baltic. Five species of parasites were found: metacercariae of Maritrema subdolum, Spelotrema papillorobustum and Levinseniella propinqua, cysticercoids of Microsomacanthus abortiva and cystacanths of Polymorphus contortus.
The study was aimed at evaluating the extent of gastrointestinal and pulmonary helminth infections in the fallow deer in Northwest Poland. Infection prevalence and intensity as well as the species composition of helminth fauna were determined. During about 2-year period, since March 2000 until February 2002, a total number of 52 animals and 98 faecal samples were examined. The fallow deer were shot during routine culls in 9 forest districts. We have found 12 gastrointestinal and 2 lung nematode species in fallow deer in NW Poland. The most common gastrointestinal species were Oesophagostomum venulosum, Spiculopteragia boehmi, Haemonchus contortus and Nematodirus spp. Other species were determined in a lower intensity. Two lung nematode species Elaphostrongylus cervi and Varestrongylus sagittatus were found, with their prevalence 59.6% and 46.1%, respectively.
In this study, 210 birds belonging to 47 species and 15 families of the Passeriformes collected during the period 1970-1986, were investigated for the presence of helminths. Of these birds, 138 (65.7%) were infected: 47 (22.4%) with digeneans, 82 (39.0%) with cestodes, 95 (45.2%) with nematodes and 36 (17.1%) with acanthocephalans. Eleven species of digeneans were found 5 of ccstodes, 11 of nematodes and 2 of acanthocephalans. Most findings are new records for the Netherlands. New hosts were revealed for one nematode species (Fringilla montifringilla for Pterothominx exilis), four digeneans (Sitta europaea for Echinochasmus beleocephalus, Turdus philomelos for Echinostoma revolutum, Motacilla alba for Notocotylus attenuatus and Passser domesticus as well as Turdus philomelos for Plagiorchis multiglandularis) and one acanthocephalan (Troglodytes troglodytes for Prosthorhynchus cylindraceus). The results showed clearly that birds which feed on invertebrates or are omnivorous - Hirundinidae, 16 investigated, 11 positive (68.8%); Corvidae, 53 investigated, 47 positive (88.7%); Turdidae, 53 investigated, 42 positive (79.2%) and Sturnidae, 17 investigated, 15 positive (88.2%) - are heavier infected than seed eaters - Fringillidae, 18 investigated, 2 positive (11.1%). However, high intensity of infection with capillariids (up to 350 specimens) in one of Fringilla montifringilla should be noticed.
After dissection examination was made of 20 roe deers (in January, May, August and October), from which over 35,000 parasites, localized in subcutaneous tissue, lungs, abdominal cavity and the alimentary tract, were collected. In all 26 parasite species were found, the prevalence and intensity of infection of which are discussed in relation to the seasons of the year. Very high infection of the abomasum by nematodes was found, affecting all the roe deers examined. Compared with other regions of Poland the roe deers in the Borecka Forest are several times more intensively infected by these nematodes, mean intensity of infection being 1671 specimens. Maximum intensity of infection by these parasites occurs in August (3537 specimens) and minimum in January (750). The roe deers in the Borecka Forest have acquired O. antipini + O. lyrataeformis and S. dagestanica from elk, and also O. ostertagi + O. lyrata from European bison. In addition they are also found to share parasites with red deer (O. leptospicularis + O. kolchida and S. boehmi + S. mathevossiani).
Background. Fishes of the family Gobiidae may be definitive-, intermediate-, or paratenic hosts of parasites with mature stages infecting a variety of vertebrates, including humans. This group of fishes constitutes a convenient ecological model for studying the processes of colonisation by parasites. Learning these processes may contribute to a better, more complex, understanding of organismal interrelationships within respective habitats. The aim of this study was to compare the helminth infection levels of different gobiid species in the north-western Black Sea (NWBS). Materials and Methods. The fishes were sampled within 1996–2003 at different seasons (excepting winter) in the NWBS. A total of 2102 specimens of 10 goby species—the black goby, Gobius niger, the knout (toad) goby, Mesogobius batrachocephalus, the mushroom goby, Neogobius eurycephalus, the monkey goby, N. fluviatilis, the round goby, N. melanostomus, the ratan goby, N. ratan, the syrman goby, N. syrman, the marbled goby, Pomatoschistus marmoratus, the tubenose goby, Proterorhinus marmoratus, the grass goby, Zosterisessor ophiocephalus—were examined for helminths. The Czekanowski–Sørensen index (Ics) was used for comparing the helminth faunas. The infection indices were compared using the discriminant analysis. Results. The fishes examined yielded a total of 24 helminth species. Four parasite species were common for all hosts surveyed: Cryptocotyle concavum MET, C.lingua MET, Dichelyne minutus, and Acanthocephaloides propinquus. Telosentis exiguus infected six host species, Eustrongylides excisus—five of them, while Pygidiopsis genata Streptocara crassicauda L3 were found in four gobiids. Five parasites species (Proteocephalus gobiorum, Asymphylodora pontica, Acanthostomum imbutiformis MET, Raphidascaris sp. L3, and Streptocara crassicauda) were common for three host fish species, while another four helminths (Bucephalus polymorphus MET, Nicolla skrjabini, Contracaecum rudolphii L3, and Acanthocephalus lucii) were found in two gobiids only. A total of ten parasite taxa were found to infect single hosts species (Bothriocephalus gregarius PL, Ligula pavlovskii PL, Proteocephalus gobiorum PL, P. subtilis, Proteocephalus sp. PL, Paratimonia gobii, Aphalloides coelomicola, Aphalloides coelomicola MET, Contracaecum microcephalum L3, and Anisakidae gen. sp. L3). The most stable indices of gobiid infection were determined for nematode D. minutus. Conclusion. The observed differences in the species composition of helminth faunas of different gobiids were related to the zoogeographical origin of a host species, the ecological specificity of their habitats (e.g. salinity), and the biology of individual parasites.
In the years 1994-1996, a total of 592 specimens of herring Clupea harengus membras L., caught in southern Baltic, were examined. The investigations revealed four species of trematodes: Hemiurus lühei, H. raabei, H. levinseni, Brachyphallus crenatus, two species of nematodes: Hysterothylacium auctum (syn. H. aduncum), and Anisakis simplex and three acanthocephalans: Echinorhynchus gadi, Metechinorhynchus salmonis and Pomphorhynchus sp. The finding of H. levinseni constitutes the first record of this species in Polish waters. The infection parameters of herring (prevalence, intensity and abundance) were compared in relation to different capture areas and seasons of the year. Possible affects of the feeding ground, fish body length and the spawning group of herring on the infection levels were also examined. No relation was observed between the place and the season of catch and the infection level of herring. The fish representing different feeding grounds (Baltic, Danish Straits) and sequential length classes showed variable parameters of infection.
he infections of four fish species, Trematomus newnesi, T. bernacchii, Lindber- gichthys nudifrons and Harpagifer antarcticus with parasitic worms, in the coastal zone off the Vernadsky Station (Argentine Islands, West Antarctica) are described. Data on infections are compared with previous results from Admiralty Bay at the South Shetland Islands. Indices of infection are for each host-parasite relationship. In total, 16 taxa of parasites were recorded: 6 digeneans, 3 larval cestodes, 4 (adult and cystacanth) acanthocephalans, and 3 (adult and larval) nematodes. Fifteen of them have been previously recorded in Notothenia coriiceps from this area. Hence, the number of parasitic taxa recorded in this region increased from 21 to 22. Either the digenean Macvicaria georgiana or acanthocephalan Corynosoma pseudohamanni were dominants in different hosts. Trematomus bernacchii was the most strongly infected, especially with M. georgiana (prevalence 100%, mean abundance 113.7). The infection parameters of the majority of parasites were lower at the Vernadsky Station than in the Admiralty Bay, especially for host-parasite relations with larval cestodes and nematodes. The presently reported study have confirmed that the southern range of distribution of two acanthocephalans, Aspersentis megarhynchus and Corynosoma hamanni extends south to the area near the Argentine Islands.
The helminths of two sympatric species of rodents, the striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius and the yellow-necked mouse, Apodemus flavicollis from Slovakia were studied to determine whether there are similarities in the composition of the helminth fauna of two closely related host species living in the same area. A total of twelve species of helminths were identified in these rodent populations, including Brachylaima sp. (Trematoda); Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819), Mesocestoides sp. larvae, Rodentolepis fraterna (Stiles, 1906), Rodentolepis straminea (Goeze, 1782), Skrjabinotaenia lobata (Baer, 1925), Taenia taeniaeformis larvae (Batsch, 1786) (Cestoda); Aonchotheca annulosa (Dujardin, 1845), Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Dujardin, 1845), Heterakis spumosa Schneider, 1866, Mastophorus muris (Gmelin, 1790) and Syphacia stroma (Linstow, 1884) (Nematoda). In A. agrarius, H. polygyrus was the most prevalent, as well as the most abundant helminth, but R. fraterna was the species with the highest mean intensity. In contrast, S. stroma dominated the A. flavicollis helminth fauna with the highest prevalence, mean abundance and mean intensity. Both rodent populations harboured nine helminth species, although the mean individual species richness was significantly higher in A. agrarius than in A. flavicollis. The analysis of helminth diversity at both component and infracommunity levels revealed differences between the two rodent populations, which are most likely attributable to the specific host ecology.
The work involved the necropsy of 28 deer (9 red deer, 1 maral, 1 Eld’s deer, 1 Pere David’s deer and 16 fallow deer), as well as coproscopic study of several hundred faecal samples. A total of 23 nematode species and one tapeworm species were discovered. All the deer studied had nematode infections in their abomasum and it was the number of such parasites which was greatest (up to 17,960 individuals per deer). The richest species composition also related to abomasal nematodes, with 13 species noted. Of the parasites recorded, only two (O. drozdzi/O. ryjikovi and S. suppereri) were first records for Poland, with the remaining 21 being common parasites of deer inhabiting the country’s open hunting grounds. Evidence for the very considerable exchange of parasites between red deer and fallow deer was noted and the co-occurrence of these species has clearly exerted a significant influence on their helminthofaunas, whose species compositions are very similar. In spite of this, there are clear differences in the prevalence, intensity and percentage index of intensity of some infections.
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