Wyniki wyszukiwania

1

Artykuł dostępny w postaci pełnego tekstu - kliknij by otworzyć plik

Calculating the water and heat balances of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin using ocean modelling and available meteorological, hydrological and ocean data

100%

Shaltout M., Omstedt A.

Oceanologia

|

2012

|

tom 54

|

nr 2

Eastern Mediterranean water and heat balances were analysed over 52 years. The modelling uses a process-oriented approach resolving the one-dimensional equations of momentum, heat and salt conservation; turbulence is modelled using a twoequation model. The results indicate that calculated temperature and salinity follow the reanalysed data well. The water balance in the Eastern Mediterranean basin was controlled by the difference between inflows and outflows through the Sicily Channel and by net precipitation. The freshwater component displayed a negative trend over the study period, indicating increasing salinity in the basin. The heat balance was controlled by heat loss from the water surface, solar radiation into the sea and heat flow through the Sicily Channel. Both solar radiation and net heat loss displayed increasing trends, probably due to decreased total cloud cover. In addition, the heat balance indicated a net import of approximately 9 W m−2 of heat to the Eastern Mediterranean Basin from the Western Basin.

2

Longwave radiation budget at the Baltic Sea surface from satellite and atmospheric model data

100%

Zapadka T., Krezel A., Wozniak B.

Oceanologia

|

2008

|

tom 50

|

nr 2

147-166

The net longwave radiation flux LW↑↓ in the Baltic Sea in 2001 has been subjected to spatial and temporal analysis. Maps of the mean monthly LW↑↓ over the Baltic were drawn using the new semi-empirical formula for the Baltic Sea (Zapadka et al. 2007). The input data for the formula, such as sea surface and air temperatures, and cloud cover, were obtained from the Tiros N/NOAA and METEOSAT 7 satellites and from the UMPLfo recast model (see http://meteo.icm.edu.pl). The mean annual LW↑↓ for 2001 was estimated at 63 W m−2 and compared with available data from other sources. The monthly maps of the net flux LW↑↓ over the Baltic show that the total values reach a minimum (LW↑↓≈50 W m−2) in April, September, October and a maximum (LW↑↓≈80 W m−2) in November. The statistical error of daily maps, on which the monthly maps were based, is no more than 18 W m−2.

3

Modelling the water and heat balances of the Mediterranean Sea using a two-basin model and available meteorological, hydrological, and ocean data

80%

Shaltout M., Omstedt A.

Oceanologia

|

2015

|

tom 57

|

nr 2

Ograniczanie wyników

3 Oceanologia

2 Omstedt A.

2 Shaltout M.

1 Krezel A.

1 Wozniak B.

1 Zapadka T.

1 2015

1 2012

1 2008

Calculating the water and heat balances of the Eastern Mediterranean Basin using ocean modelling and available meteorological, hydrological and ocean data

Longwave radiation budget at the Baltic Sea surface from satellite and atmospheric model data

Modelling the water and heat balances of the Mediterranean Sea using a two-basin model and available meteorological, hydrological, and ocean data