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The results were based on mustards produced in the Vinegar and Mustard Factory in Parczew during the years 1995-1998; major components were Nakielska (Sinapis alba) and Małopolska (Brassica júncea). Four items were the experimental factors (stołowa - dainty mustard, sarepska - popular mustard, kremska - popular mustard, pa- pric - popular mustard). There 1-5 g of mustard from 3 repetitions of every combination were taken for laboratory analyses. The following were determined: dry matter content - by gravimetric method, total acidity - by means of titration, chloride content - by means of Mohr, organoleptic valuation (taste, flavour, consistency, colour and appearance) by 9°scale. They were statistically elaborated using variance analysis. Significance of variability sources was calculated using Fischer-Snedecor’s “F” test. Tukey’s test was helpful to estimate the difference significance. They were features of four mustards quality appeared to be with PN-A-86964 [2002]. Contents of NaCl turned out in years of research changeable in mustards, that show in the recipe of the product a high liability of the component. In the following way it is possible to range the analysed kinds in respect of the stability: stołowa dainity > popular papric > popular sarepska > popular kremska. The biggest changes in dry mass contents, and smallest stability of acidity characterized mustards papric and sarepska. The contents of dry mass turned out among comparable features stable - chemical in mustards, least - concentrate NaCl. Taste turned out to be stable from the organoleptical features of mustards, however, least colour and appearance. Most stable, in respect of the researched features - chemical and organoleptical - turned out dainty and the least sarepska mustard.
The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in grilled sausage and fire-roasted sausage, and the results were compared with statutory threshold levels. Sausages were grilled over charcoal and roasted over a campfire. Sausage was heated until the temperature in the geometric center of the sample reached 75°C. Nine PAH compounds were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection (HPLC-FLD) using an internal calibration standard. Thermal processing increased the content of PAHs in the analyzed samples, and significantly higher levels of contamination were noted in fire-roasted sausage than in grilled sausage. In grilled sausage, the content of BaP and Σ 4 PAHs (BaA, BaP, CHR, BbF) did not exceed the maximum permissible levels of 5 and 30 μg kg⁻¹, respectively, whereas in fire-roasted sausage, the concentrations of the above compounds exceeded maximum levels several fold and reached 18 and 73 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. The results of this study indicate that fire-roasted sausage poses a significant risk of exposure to PAHs.
The development of production and application of plastic packages, much connected with their high resistance to the action of environmental factors, is a problem from the point of view of environmental protection. While discussing methods of reuse of plastic waste one has to consider the possibility of food packages' production from recycled polymers. When conditions which ensure the safety of a consumer of packaged food are determined, the problem should be tackled because of its ecological and economic aspects.
W publikacji omówiono definicje probiotyków, prebiotyków, synbiotyków i żywności probiotycznej. Przedstawiono także charakterystykę mikroflory jelitowej człowieka i bakterii probiotycznych. Omówiono korzyści płynące z obecności bakterii probiotycznych w przewodzie pokarmowym człowieka oraz konieczność zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego żywności probiotycznej.
The environment is used as a broad umbrella term for all sources of allergens which may cause allergic hypersensitive reaction of the immune system of humans. Westernization of life leads to increased average consumption of food additives (natural and xenobiotics) – starting from over 5kg (10lbs) annually with a strong tendency to intensify. Modern technologies of food production often employ substances improving quality, texture, colour, taste, acidity or alkalinity. Haptens present in food or drugs, penetrating organism via gastrointestinal tract, may be responsible for symptoms not only in the gastrointestinal tract itself, but also in peripheral organs. Mechanisms of hapten action within human body are different – they include reactions when the immune system is involved (allergic hypersensitivity) and not involved (food intolerance also known as non-allergic hypersensitivity). Food intolerance is a more frequent phenomenon diagnosed in 20-50% of cases; food allergy affecting 6-8% children and 1-2% adults. Our work elucidates mechanisms of hypersensitivity responses to haptens, and characterizes major haptens applied as food additives.
Przedstawiono zmiany w dyrektywie kosmetycznej 76/768/EEC Uwzględniają one problematykę zakazu wykonywania badań na zwierzętach, zakazu stosowania kosmetykach substancji kancerogennych, mutagennych i teratogennych. Wprowadzają 26 kompozycji zapachowych na listę substancji dozwolonych z ograniczeniami. Powyższe zmiany będą uwzględnione w polskim ustawodawstwie kosmetycznym.
Omówiono badania migracji z opakowań żywności wykonanych z tworzyw sztucznych do płynów modelowych oraz podano kryteria oceny wyrobów w zakresie bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego w świetle ustawodawstwa.
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