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The objective of this study was to analyse the response of hepatocytes on various concentrations of 17ß-oestradiol (17ß-E) under iron-induced oxidative stress in vitro. Isolated by in situ collagenase perfusion hepatocytes were cultured in DMEM/HAMS-12 (v/v) medium without any additional agents (control), with Fe³⁺ alone, and with Fe³⁺ aild 0.2%, 0.02%, and 0.002% solution of 17ß-E (17ß-EI, 17ß-EII, and 17ß-EIII, respectively). After 24, 48, and 72 h, medium malonylodialdehyde (MDA), haptoglobin (Hpt) concentration and proliferative activity were determined. In comparison to control samples, and samples collected at 24 and 72 h, hepatocytes exposition to Fe³⁺, caused a significant increase in MDA (0.056 ±0.011 nM/mL) only after 48 h of incubation. Each of 17ß-E concentrations resulted in a decrease in MDA in samples obtained after 24 and 48 h. In comparison to the first 24 h, Fe³⁺ alone and together with 17ß-EI, 17ß-EII, and 17ß-EIII caused a significant augmentation of Hpt level in 48 h and 72 h of the experiment. Each of the 17ß-E concentrations added to the culture medium resulted in inhibition of hepatic proliferative activity, especially in the 72 h of cell culture.
The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of haptoglobin (Hp) determination as an index in the monitoring of sheep welfare and health status in the pre- and post-slaughter period. The research results indicate a strict correlation between concentration of ovine serum haptoglobin and the presence and severity of pathological lesions visualised in the internal organs at the post-mortem examination. The Hp assay in live sheep prior to transportation to a slaughterhouse allows identifying the animals with subclinical infections. Thus, the Hp index may be used for an assessment into the state of the sheep's health in the pre-slaughter period by the veterinary inspection and as a safety measure of food of animal origin. Besides, a serum haptoglobin content established in sheep intended for slaughter may aid in the evaluation of the animal welfare at transportation and body condition after it as well as in the period following the 48 h rest time before slaughter.
Acute phase proteins became an interesting point of investigations also in veterinary medicine. In the last several years, there has been considerable progress in studies on the understanding of their functions, and influences on the organism. The benefit to laboratory and clinical diagnosis of diseases has been established also. In general, the acute phase response is a result of proinflammatory cytokines being secreted into the circulation from sites of infection or inflammatory lesions. Among the many pathophysiological responses of an animal to stimulation, there is an increased production and secretion of some plasma proteins from the liver, which are known in generally as acute phase proteins. Despite the uniform nature of the acute phase response, there are numerous differences in the production of acute phase proteins between various animal species. In bovine medicine, the principle acute phase protein to be used is haptoglobin in conjunction with serum amyloid A, which are elevated in some important bovine inflammatory diseases such as laminitis, metritis, or mastitis, as well as in some physiological conditions. Investigations over the last decade have shown that the quantification of their concentrations in plasma or serum can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection, prognosis and monitoring of disease. Moreover, monitoring the blood concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide additional information on the progression of the inflammatory reaction. The circulating concentration of these proteins is related to the severity of the underlying condition and thus quantification of their concentrations provides a ready means of evaluating the presence and extent of the disease processes causing the response.
Serum concentrations of acute phase proteins can provide valuable diagnostic information in the detection and monitoring of disease. The available information on the acute phase response in cats with anaemia is limited. The aim of this study was to retrospectively evaluate serum concentrations of haptoglobin, serum amyloid A, α1 acid glycoprotein and their clinical importance in cats with anaemia. Thirty-four anaemic cats and ten healthy cats were enrolled this study. After individual diagnoses had been established, the cats were divided into three groups (healthy group, haemolytic group and non-haemolytic group). Serum acute phase protein concentrations were analysed using specific commercially available test kits in an ELISA reader device. Serum amyloid A and serum α1 acid glycoprotein concentrations were significantly higher in the anaemic groups compared with the healthy group. Haptoglobin concentrations were significantly higher in cats from the non-haemolytic anaemia group than they were in healthy animals and those from the haemolytic anaemia group. Although serum haptoglobin concentrations were lower than in the healthy group, there was no significant difference between the haemolytic anaemia group and the healthy group. The results of this study suggest that serum amyloid A and α1 acid glycoprotein could be useful in the diagnosis and determination of inflammation in cats with anaemia. Serum haptoglobin depletion may be used for diagnosis of haemolysis in cats with haemolytic anaemia. In addition, this study has contributed to the limited data available on acute phase protein concentrations in cats with anaemia.
A total of 193 brown hares, collected from 7 sampling sites in Poland during 1986 - 1990 were examined for genetic variability and differentiation at 39 presumptive isozyme loci by means of horizontal starch gel electrophoresis. Values of polymorphism (mean P = 0.180, SD 0.039) and average heterozygosity (mean H = 0.047, SD 0.006) were similar to those detected in previous studies on the population genetics of the brown hare. Relative (Cst = 0.041) and absolute (mean D/Nei, 1978/ = 0.0012, SD 0.0013) genetic differentiation among populations were very low, which fits well to the high number of migrant individuals per generation (Nm = 12.7), estimated using the private allele method of Slalkin (1985). Average heterozygosity was examined for associations with geographical distribution, the year of culling, population density, age, sex, body weight and health status, whereby a better survival of heterozygous femals could be detected. According Lo our results, the present decline of the brown hare is noL due to genetic depiction. However, once population sizes drop below a critical threshold, a pronounced inbreeding depression can be expected.
The aim of this study was to compare the concentrations of two acute phase proteins, haptoglobin (Hp) and serum amyloid A (SAA), in serum and milk of Holstein-Friesian dairy cows grouped according to somatic cell count (SCC) thresholds (<100,000; <400,000; >400,000 cells/ml) in composite milk samples. The SCC was assessed quantitatively by FOSSOMATIC 90 analyser, serum and milk Hp and SAA concentrations were determined using commercial ELISA kits (Tridelta Development, Ltd., Wicklow, Ireland). We have found significantly higher Hp and SAA concentrations in the group with SCC >400,000 cells/ml compared to groups with lower SCC thresholds in composite milk samples. In contrast, significant differences were not recorded between the groups in serum Hp and SAA concentrations. The concentrations of Hp in serum and milk were found to be correlated (r = 0.69, P = 0.0003), whereas there was a lower correlation trend in the case of serum versus milk concentrations of SAA (r = 0.43, P = 0.0478). High significant correlations were observed either between milk haptoglobin values and SCC or milk serum amyloid A concentrations and SCC (r = 0.83, r = 0.81, P<0.0001; respectively). An increase in SCC in cows suffereing from mastitis has been accompained by strong elevation of the milk Hp and SAA, significantly correlated with serum Hp (r = 0.64, P = 0.0014) and poorly correlated with SAA values determined in serum (r = 0.43, P = 0.0478). According to the results obtained in this study we can conclude that measurements of the acute phase proteins, haptoglobin and serum amyloid A predominantly in milk, may be useful tool in diagnosing mastitis and may be a useful marker of milk quality.
The aim of the study was to determine the time of emergence and level of Y. enterocolitica antibodies in pregnant sows challenged orally with Y. enterocolitica in particular trimesters of pregnancy (groups I, II and III, respectively) and also the assignation of its influence on the CRP and Hp concentration in sera of pigs. Levels of antibodies measured by tube agglutination test increased slowly from 2 weeks post infection (wpi) and positive results were obtained not in all animals. In ELISA, in 2 weeks in all groups of infected animals high levels of antibodies against Y. enterocolitica were formed and lasted up to the end of the experiment. In newborn piglets in all groups, a significant decrease in antibody levels 6 weeks after birth was observed in both agglutination and ELISA tests. Concentrations of CRP as Hp in all groups of infected animals increased in 1 week post infection. Statistically significant differences (P ≤ 0.05) between CRP levels in groups I and II (46-fold and 44-fold) as well as III (29-fold) were revealed. In case of Hp, statistically significant differences between groups of animals in the first week post infection were not observed. Our findings indicate that Y. enterocolitica infection evoked strong and long-lasting immunological reaction in the form of specific antibodies production in all inoculated animals. The significant increase in CRP and moderate increase in Hp concentrations in the sera of pregnant sows also occurred. However, relationships between colostrums antibody levels in piglets’ sera and phase of pregnancy when the Y. enterocolitica infection happened in sows were not observed.
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