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Habitat selection by Anodonta cygnea L. in the Nida valley

100%

Zajac K.

Folia Malacologica

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1999

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tom 07

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nr 4

2

Density and habitat requirements of introduced Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus in northern Italy

100%

Vidus R. A., Meriggi A., Serrano Perez S.

Acta Theriologica

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2010

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tom 55

|

nr 2

139-151

Following the introductions carried out in late 1960s, Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus Allen, 1890 rapidly colonized the Po Plain (northern Italy), following the Po River and its tributaries. We monitored a cottontail population using the line-transect method from autumn 2005 to spring 2009 in a 8.2-km2 study area located along the Po River, and we investigated species habitat requirements by assessing the presence/absence of faecal pellets in 200 randomly distributed plots from September 2006 to August 2007 and by Resource Selection Probability Function through logistic regression analyses and multi-model inference. The cottontail population varied dramatically over time in size, with a great drop at the end of the breeding period. Cottontails selected foraging habitats at the macro- and micro-scales, with some differences among seasons. Two macro-habitat variables differed significantly between used and unused plots through seasons: arboriculture stands were always greater in presence plots, whereas winter cereals were always greater in absence ones. On the macro-level, woody and herbaceous habitats, such as fallow fields, characterized presence plots. At the micro-habitat level, presence plots were associated with permanent dense cover except during summer. Several logistic regression models were built through seasons and ranked using the Akaike’s Information Criterion. Arboriculture stands enhanced cottontail presence mostly during the growing season contrary to crop fields. Hedgerows were used according to availability during feeding activity. Cottontail habitat selection varied according to seasonal changes in resource availability and suitability of the different habitat types.

3

The influence of river functionality on habitat selection by Ephemeroptera in spatially and temporally diverse lowland rivers, with particular reference to the River Bug

100%

Glazaczow A., Orwin D., Bajaczyk R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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tom 38

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nr 2

63-76

4

Habitat selection by Geoffroy's bats (Myotis emarginatus) in a rural Mediterranean landscape: implications for conservation

100%

Flaquer C., Puig-Montserrat X., Burgas A., Russo D.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2008

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tom 10

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nr 1

Most of the little information available on the foraging ecology of the threatened Geoffroy's bat Myotis emarginatus refers to areas outside the Mediterranean Basin. In this study, we analysed habitat selection by this species in a typical Mediterranean landscape. We radio-tracked a breeding colony (adults and juveniles) in the Iberian Peninsula and analysed habitat selection patterns. Although we confirmed the species' preference for forest, olive groves also appeared an important foraging habitat for both adults and juveniles. Juveniles proved to be less mobile than adults, moving on average 1.6 km less than adults in displacements to foraging sites and preferred more accessible habitats. We highlight here the importance of traditionally managed olive groves as foraging sites for this threatened bat. The ripping-up of ancient olive groves and their replacement by intensively managed cropland, urban areas or shrubland represents a significant threat for this vulnerable species in Mediterranean landscapes.

5

Post-breeding habitat selection of the Grey-backed Shrike [Lanius tephronotus] in Sichuan, China

100%

Tryjanowski P., Reino L. M.

Biological Letters

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2004

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tom 41

|

nr 2

195-197

6

Characteristics of habitats used by a female moose in the managed forest area

100%

Heikkila R., Nygren K., Harkonen S., Mykkanen A.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 3

The use of habitats by one female moose Alces alces (Linnaeus, 1758) in a managed forest area was studied in 1993-1994. The home range area for the whole year 1993 was 4154 ha (the 90% minimum convex polygon). The area used during January-April in the first winter was 1888 ha (71% of the summer range in May-August). The core area (50% adaptive kernel) was 408 ha (9.8% of home range) in 1993. Forested peatlands were relatively intensively used by the moose. The old and middle-aged forests were used heavily up until the autumn. In the second winter with thicker snow cover the home range was smaller and the use of available habitats more uniform. The characteristics of stands used in the core area did not differ significantly from the average for the whole area. The availability of food was relatively high even in the old-forest habitats due to the forest edges rich in saplings, particularly in the vicinity of peatland. The moose fed mainly on highly available birch and used more Scots pine in the second winter. The availability of palatable saplings, dwarf shrubs and herbaceous plants appear to have seasonal importance in habitat selection. The tops of recently felled trees were utilized for periods lasting for several days. By combining the basic ecological elements, dynamic factors and effects of browsing, the habitat analyses could probably be useful for management planning in moose areas.

7

Habitat selection by Southern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) in riparian environments of Mediterranean mountain areas: a conservation tool for the species

84%

Mate I., Barrull J., Salicru M., Ruiz-Olmo J., Gosalbez J.

Acta Theriologica

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2013

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tom 58

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nr 1

The Southern water vole, Arvicola sapidus, is endemic to the Iberian Peninsula and France. Despite being catalogued as vulnerable, our current knowledge of this species is not sufficient to establish measures for its conservation and recovery, particularly in riparian zones of Mediterranean mountain areas. The aim of this study was to identify factors related to habitat configuration that determine the presence or absence of the species in the Montsant River. Specifically, we associated the presence/absence of this arvicolid rodent with composition of vegetation, river bank morphology, and watercourse characteristics. The results suggest that, in this area, the most favorable places for the species are those with a high degree of cover of herbaceous plants (mainly helophytes) and moderate to low levels of tree and shrub cover; gently sloping banks and a soft substrate; and the presence of water, with moderate to high stream widths and depths. In addition, we developed a classification method which allowed us to classify and characterize habitat conditions: the optimal scenario (preferential for arvicoline establishment), the suboptimal scenario (whose use is related to opportunities to find best scenarios), and the hostile scenario (not acceptable for use). In such riparian areas, the results revealed that the Southern water vole is a specialist in terms of habitat selection, but behaves as a generalist in terms of occupancy. Its ability to adapt to suboptimal conditions widens the options for managing Southern water vole populations, and indicates that the maintenance and rehabilitation of habitat along continuous stretches of river is the most effective approach to achieving self-sustaining populations.

8

Habitat heterogeneity as the key determinant of the abundance and habitat preference of prey species of tiger in the Chitwan National Park, Nepal

84%

Bhattarai B. P., Kindlmann P.

Acta Theriologica

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2012

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tom 57

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nr 1

Studies on the relationship between habitat heterogeneity and animal abundance are essential for understanding what determines biodiversity. Transect-based direct observations of eight principal prey species of tiger in the Chitwan National Park (CNP) were used to determine their abundances and habitat preferences. Chital was the most abundant prey species of tiger (Panthera tigris). Each of the prey species had significantly different habitat preferences except sambar deer and chital. Habitat preference was measured using Manly’s preference index, which revealed that short grassland, mixed forest, and riverine forest were the most preferred habitats of the prey species. The results indicate that large species of deer tend to be found in more diverse habitats than small species, except muntjac. The abundance of the principal prey species of tiger was positively correlated with habitat heterogeneity. The habitat, which contributes significantly to the heterogeneity of the landscape, is grassland in large patches of forest. The ongoing increase of forest cover in the CNP has led to a reduction in the area of grassland, which may negatively affect the abundance of the prey species of tiger. Hence, it is suggested that the restoration of landscape heterogeneity is the best way to manage the habitats in the CNP.

9

Species richness of breeding birds at a landscape scale: which habitat type is the most important?

84%

Skorka P., Martyka R., Wojcik J. D.

Acta Ornithologica

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2006

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tom 41

|

nr 1

10

Occurrence of the Red-backed Shrike [Lanius collurio] depends on natural factors and mode of land use in the Quillow catchment, Germany

84%

Latus C., Schulz A., Kujawa K.

Biological Letters

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2004

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tom 41

|

nr 2

87-93

11

Demographic features, distribution, and habitat selection of the gray mouse opossum (Tlacuatzin canescens) in Colima, Mexico

84%

Kennedy M. L., Schnell G. D., Romero-Almarez M. d. L., Malakouti B. S., Sanchez-Hernandez C., Best T. L., Wooten M. C.

Acta Theriologica

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2013

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tom 58

|

nr 3

In western Mexico, gray mouse opossums Tlacuatzin canescens typically are not only in tropical deciduous and semideciduous woodlands but also in croplands and orchards. We conducted mark-recapture studies in January 2003–2007 and 2010 in coastal, northern, and central Colima, Mexico. Each year, five grids, established in areas of thick vegetation within a mosaic of habitats, had 100 stations (10 × 10), each with two Sherman traps, one on the ground and another elevated 1–2 m. On 24 of 30 grids, 82 individuals were captured 126 times (85.7 % in elevated traps). Sex ratio did not deviate from 1:1; there was no sexual dimorphism in mass (average for males, 28.21 g; average for females, 25.64 g); 46.3 % of animals were adults, 27.3 % of adult females were reproductively active, and 77.5 % of males had scrotal testes. Distance from centroid of trap locations averaged 15.24 m, with mean minimum distance moved between captures being 33.19 m. Densities usually were low (0.67–8.03/ha), with the species widespread in habitats studied. We assessed 14 environmental characteristics for each station using ANOVA, logistic regression, and nonparametric multiplicative regression (NPMR) to characterize habitat selection. T. canescens was more likely found where percent grass was about 30 % and litter over 50 %, with height of canopy less than 10 m and about 40 % closed. NPMR, being able to recognize hump-shaped response curves where intermediate variable values are preferred, identified two variables (percent grass and percent canopy closed) not detected by other techniques as important in characterizing habitat selection of T. canescens.

12

Heavy flooding effects on home range and habitat selection of free-ranging Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) in Doñana National Park (SW Spain)

84%

Carro F., Soriguer R. C., Beltran J. F., Andreu A. C.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

|

nr 4

The Iberian hare Lepus granatensis is a common and abundant species throughout the Iberian Peninsula; however, studies documenting its ecology are scarce. Between August 1996 and September 1997, after a long drought, we studied the effects of a widespread flood on the Iberian hare ecology in ecotone pastures of Doñana National Park. Hares were captured using vertical nets through part of 1996 and 1997. Fourteen adult hares (nine females and five males) were tagged with radiocollars and located by triangulation on a daily basis at least once a week. Habitat use was estimated using a geographical information system. The average home range size was 28 ha for males and 24 ha for females. No significant differences were observed between sexes. Significant differences were observed in the use of scrub areas and in dry pastures. During the dry and wet seasons, males and females were most often located in the pastures of the ecotone, rush stands and scrub. The dense bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) and seaside bulrush (Scirpus maritimus) communities were avoided. These results are the first on the spatial ecology of this species in its native habitat.

13

Ecology of an opossum population in Virginia, 1963-69

84%

Stout J., Sonenshine D. E.

Acta Theriologica

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1974

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tom 19

|

nr 14-25

14

Selection of foraging habitat by grassland birds: effect of prey abundance or availability?

84%

Romanowski J., Zmihorski M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

|

nr 2

365-370

Vegetation structure and food availability can significantly modify the composition of farmland avifauna. In the 2006 breeding season we tested the effect of food resources (density of epigeic invertebrates) in two local habitats on foraging of farmland birds. We have been exploring how intensively the foraging birds utilise meadow and pasture habitats in an extensively used farmland area of Central Poland. Two plots were selected in adjacent meadow and pasture each of 0.18 ha where bird and invertebrate sampling was conducted in May 2006. We set five Barber traps active for two weeks at each plot to survey for the epigeic invertebrates which form the main part of farmland birds’ diet. In total, we trapped over two thousands invertebrate individuals (mainly Aranea, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera). Visual observations of foraging birds were performed from an elevated observation point located at a 25 m distance from the edge of the plots. We recorded 191 observations of foraging by 12 bird species (mainly Sturnus vulgaris L., Upupa epops L., Cuculus canorus L., Motacilla alba L., Corvus corone L., C. monedula L., Pica pica L.). We found that overall invertebrate density at the meadow was 2.5-fold higher than at the pasture. This was also the case with the invertebrate groups that were preyed upon by the birds. We recorded however a 10-fold higher frequency of foraging of birds at the pasture, as compared to the meadow. Preference of a bird species for foraging at the pasture was inversely correlated with its body mass. We discuss the importance of pastures for the preservation of farmland avifauna.

15

A Northern refugium of the Mediterranean water shrew Neomys anomalus in Slowinski National Park (N Poland)

84%

Rychlik L., Stachowiak A., Nowak U., Kardynia P.

Biological Letters

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2012

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tom 49

|

nr 1

16

Habitat overlap between sympatric European hares (Lepus europaeus) and Eastern cottontails (Sylvilagus floridanus) in northern Italy

84%

Vidus-Rosin A., Meriggi A., Cardarelli E., Serrano-Perez S., Mariani M.-C., Corradelli C., Barba A.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

|

nr 1

In northern Italy, the range of the Eastern cottontail (Sylvilagus floridanus) largely overlaps with that of the native European hare (Lepus europaeus) on the Po Plain. Both species appear to have similar habitat requirements. We studied habitat selection by hares and cottontails during feeding activity from September 2006 to August 2007 in two areas where they occur alone (allopatry) and in one area where they occur together (sympatry). The three areas were basically similar, so that shifts in habitat use observed in sympatry should reflect the response to interspecific competition. Habitat selection was examined at micro- and macro-habitat levels throughout seasons. Habitat breadth of both species followed the change of resource availability through seasons in allopatry as well as in sympatry. No shifts in habitat use were evident at macro-habitat level, even during autumn which was the limiting season. Exploitation of shared habitats by the two species seems to be promoted by differential micro-habitat use within macro-habitat types. Cottontails used woods with dense understory in greater proportion than hares, and their present sites were concentrated within the maximum distance of 20 m of the nearest shelter site. Hares were more likely than cottontails to exploit crops, and their sites were distributed even greater than 80 m away from permanent cover patches. The habitat heterogeneity of agricultural ecosystems within the sympatry range could buffer the negative effects of external factors (climate, human disturbance and predation) on hares, and enhance the chances of exploitation of shared habitats by both species.

17

Nest site and nest-hole characteristics used by Great Spotted Woodpecker Dendrocopos major L. in Croatia

84%

Cikovic D., Barisic S., Tutis V., Kralj J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

|

nr 2

Great Spotted Woodpecker is the most abundant and widespread European woodpecker species, and it thus contributes the most to the number of excavated tree holes – an important habitat resource for secondary hole users. However, majority of nest site characteristics data comes from boreal and temperate forests, with lack of information from Southern Europe. In this article, nest sites of the Great Spotted Woodpecker have been investigated in the continental forests of Croatia – a previously understudied area of this species’ range. A total of 41 active nest-holes found in the breeding seasons 2003 and 2004 are described. Nest-holes were mainly positioned below the crowns, in injuries of branch abscission. Nesting tree species were not used randomly: wild cherry Prunus avium in hill and pedunculate oak Quercus robur in riverine forests were preferred while hornbeam Carpinus betulus and maples Acer sp. were avoided. While tree species used for nesting vary across the Great Spotted Woodpecker range, and thus cannot be used as a uniform nest site predictor, defected wood spots on a tree, like scars of branch abscission, are identified as an important nest site clue and a habitat feature that is spatially more consistent. Nest-holes’ dimensions acquired in this research could not be clearly differentiated from those given for the other parts of the continent.

18

Habitat use by endangered Sichuan Partridges Arborophila rufipectus during the breeding season

84%

Liao W. B., Fuller R. A., Hu J. C., Li C.

Acta Ornithologica

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2008

|

tom 43

|

nr 2

179-184

A detailed understanding of habitat associations of threatened species is essential for the development of sound conservation and habitat management plans. The globally endangered Sichuan Partridge is endemic to montane southwestern China, where it inhabits subtropical broadleaf forest. Its use of various habitats within the forest is poorly known. Habitat use by Sichuan Partridges in Laojunshan Nature Reserve, Sichuan, was studied during the breeding season (April-October). Habitat characteristics at feeding places were compared with randomly selected sites. Auditory detection was used during transect surveys of calling males to locate birds and their feeding scrape sites. Partridges were recorded in primary and secondary broadleaf forest, but not in coniferous plantations or farmland and settlements. Birds occurred between 1400 and 1800 m a. s. 1., typically on the ground with a gentle slope of between five and 15 degrees, close to paths and water sources. The habitats used by Sichuan Partridges differed from the random sites in that they had a denser shrub layer, greater tree cover, thicker deciduous leaf depth and lower abundance of bamboo. Principal Components Analysis identified factors interpretable as concealment, topography and leaf litter depth as key axes of variation in Sichuan Partridge habitats. We suggest that habitat management plans incorporating this new information can now focus more effectively on identifying, protecting and restoring those sites within protected areas that are most suitable for the Sichuan Partridge.

19

Selection of nesting and foraging habitat by the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina [Brehm] in the Knyszynska Forest [NE Poland]

84%

Mirski P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom 57

|

nr 3

581-587

To manage conservation issues, it is essential to recognize the factors determining the occurrence of endangered species. This study examined the foraging habitat and nest site preferences of the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina (Brehm) in the Knyszyńska Forest (NE Poland). This is a large (839 km²) protected (Landscape Park Puszcza Knyszyńska, NATURA 2000) forest complex composed mainly with coniferous and mixed wood stands with meadows in river valleys inside the complex and arable lands outside it. The research was carried out on a study plot of 440 km², in the breeding seasons of 2006 and 2007. Nest site characteristics, such as distance to open areas, settlements and watercourses were measured and compared with random points. The habitat composition of hunting territories was recorded and compared to habitat availability on the whole study plot, and the birds’ hunting effort was assessed. The eagles showed a preference for nesting close to open spaces (potential hunting grounds) and watercourses (like rivers and streams), but avoided proximity to human settlements. As hunting grounds, the birds highly preferred grasslands and avoided arable lands. Time spent hunting on grasslands comprised over 95% of the observed hunting activities and grasslands were significantly positively selected both in the whole study plot and within a 2 km-radius from nest. The results suggest that the conservation of the Lesser Spotted Eagle should focus especially on meadows and pastures adjacent to large forest complexes.

20

Describing roosts used by forest bats: the importance of microclimate

84%

Boyles J. G.

Acta Chiropterologica

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2007

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tom 09

|

nr 1

Adequate descriptions of roosting habitat are vital to the management and conservation of bats. However, most studies on bat roosting preference report only structural characteristics of roosts and surrounding habitat, and ignore potentially important factors in roost selection. I argue that the current methods for describing the roosting habitat of tree-roosting bats can be improved, and that more emphasis should be placed on designing studies to determine why bats choose particular roosts. Herein, I focus on measuring microclimate in roosts because it universally influences habitat selection. Specifically, roost temperature is easily measured and is likely an important microclimate variable used by bats in roost selection. Variation in structural characteristics of roosts is often assumed to correlate with variation in microclimate of the roost; however, empirical data are too scarce to verify this assumption. I suggest improvements to the current methods of describing roost characteristics and suggest the inclusion of new methods to describe microclimate. In summation, I argue that there are methods of measuring roost characteristics that may be beneficial to use in conjunction with the methods currently being used, and that microclimate should be considered when designing future studies.

Ograniczanie wyników

Habitat selection by Anodonta cygnea L. in the Nida valley

Density and habitat requirements of introduced Eastern cottontail Sylvilagus floridanus in northern Italy

The influence of river functionality on habitat selection by Ephemeroptera in spatially and temporally diverse lowland rivers, with particular reference to the River Bug

Habitat selection by Geoffroy's bats (Myotis emarginatus) in a rural Mediterranean landscape: implications for conservation

Post-breeding habitat selection of the Grey-backed Shrike [Lanius tephronotus] in Sichuan, China

Characteristics of habitats used by a female moose in the managed forest area

Habitat selection by Southern water vole (Arvicola sapidus) in riparian environments of Mediterranean mountain areas: a conservation tool for the species