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Carabid beetle mean individual biomass (MIB) was analysed in three postindustrial areas, where different environment regeneration types were observed. In total three postindustrial dumps were selected, two of them with spontaneous succession (age about 70 and 15–20 years) and one recultivated (age about 15–20 years). Moreover undisturbed forest was chosen as reference area. Additionally in research areas observations concerning changes in the abundance and dominance of individuals characteristic for open and forest habitats were done. During the field studies 1871 carabids were caught and indicated to species level. The results showed significant differences in MIB values according to regeneration type and succession age. Generally according to one-way Anova analysis MIB values increased with stand age, but there are also difference according to spontaneously revegetaed and recultivated areas. Comparing postindustrial areas with the same age, but with different type of regeneration (spontaneous or recultivation), the MIB values was lower in recultivated area. In these areas, the lowest number of carabids forest species was observed too, which may indicate a strongly disturbed and slow rate of assemblages regeneration. Our results indicate that the mean individual biomass index (MIB) can be usefull tool for assessment succession rate in strongly disturbed postindustrial areas.
The interspecific abundance – body weight relationship (AWR) is generally believed to follow a power function with a negative slope. Here we report on the AWR of two local assemblages of ground beetles in northern Poland spanning more than three orders of magnitude in body weight. Both assemblages showed significant positive AWR slopes in raw and grouped data plots even after controlling for phylogenetic and sampling effects. We conclude that ground beetles might be an exception from the overall AWR pattern.
Grasslands, especially those under ecological management (i.e. mowing, and grazing without fertilizers and chemicals), have significant importance for many arthropods, including ground beetles. We studied the abundance and species diversity of Carabidae of four uphill grasslands (West Sudety Mountains, Poland) under different management intensity: cattle grazing (one or four times per year), mowing, and alternatively managed (grazing/mowing). Beetles were collected using pitfall traps during three whole grazing seasons, i.e. from April to October in 2007–2009. The most frequent species of beetles, on each of the plots, were predators Poecilus cupreus, Calathus fuscipes and Nebria brevicollis. Sixtyfour ground beetle species were found altogether. Species richness ranged from 42 to 47, with the mean number of individuals per trap day-1 from 0.006 to 0.018. In the years of the study the number of ground beetles and their species diversity were higher on meadows mown once per year and alternatively managed grasslands as compared with grazed sites. Therefore, the simplified, organic way of agricultural production with reduced mowing or moving combined with grazing can be considered as appropriate in preserving the biodiversity of the grasslands in mountainous regions.
The study provides first information on the occurrence of Polistichus connexus (GEOFFROY, 1785) (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in Ukraine. The localities are situated in south-western part of the country. New data fills a gap in the knowledge on the species’ distribution in Europe.
In the southern part of Poland, ground beetle fauna was studied in the first large-scale Bt maize experiment. The aim of this study was to determine the long term impact of the Bt maize cultivar in comparison to conventional plants, on selected non-target arthropods. The DKC 3421 YG cultivar (Bt maize) and the respective isogenic non-Bt varieties (DKC 3420) were cultivated at two locations: (a) Budziszów near Wrocław and in Głuchów near Rzeszów in the south-eastern region of Poland, in the 2008-2010 growing seasons. For comparative analysis, two additional non-Bt cultivars sprayed with a lambda-cyhalotrine insecticide were also included. To monitor population density of surface-active invertebrates of the Carabidae family, eighty pitfall traps were used at each location. The average number of ground beetle populations in the Bt-maize cultivar DKC 3421 YG did not significantly differ from the number of beetles in the conventional ones. Significant differences between the number of beetles occurred on individual dates only. Usually, these differences related to the considerably smaller total number of beetles in the whole replication. Probably, the variation in the number of beetles was caused by climatic factors or the terrain layout, therefore it cannot be related to the cultivar effect.
From May to July in the years 1995-2000 studies on the numbers of density of Carabidae on two fields with different cultivation systems (intensive and conventional) were performed. Including other elements like kind of a crop and weather conditions during the investigations it was possible to compile a summary numerical index of main factors having the influence on the occurrence of Carabidae and being in a very good correlation with the number of these insects in agroecosystems.
Data on diversity and distribution on ground beetle species protected by Polish law noted in the area of the Łódź Province is summarized based on the literature data and new records. In total, data on twenty taxa are provided including records for Calosoma (3) and Carabus species (17). Among them, occurrence of three species should be confirmed by new faunistic data: Carabus auratiis (not noted since 1959), C. marginales and C. nitens (both with last records from before 1990). The most common species in the region are: Carabus arvensis, C. auronitens, C. cancellatus, C. granulatus, C. nemoralis, C. hortensis, and C. violaceus. Seven species are endangered according to the Polish Red List, including Carabus clathrarus Linnaeus, 1761 (EN category), C. marginal is Fabricius, 1794 and C. nitens Linnaeus, 1758 (VU category), Calosoma sycophanta (Linnaeus, 1758) and Carabus convexus Fabricius, 1775 (NT category), C. intricatus Linnaeus, 1761 (LC category), and C. problematicus (DD category).
The present study consisted of an evaluation of assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles (Col. Carabidae) colonizing hydrogenic soils (bog and post-bog ones), different in the soil development degree. The observations were conducted on a drained, low bog area called Stary Dwór, which today is used as a cut meadow. This is an oblong depression, filled in with (partly mucky) rush peats and situated in the sandur landscape. It lies in the mesoregion called Pojezierze Olsztyńskie (Olsztyn Lake District) near Olsztyn (UTM DE 65), about 3 km of the southern borders of the town. The field observations for determination of the soil type were conducted using soil catenas. A transect was established, which cut across different types and sub-types of bog and post-bog soils. In this paper, the authors have attempted to answer the question whether the sequence of hydrogenic soils and some parameters chosen to describe them have any influence on assemblages of epigeic carabid beetles dwelling in such habitats. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the soils present in the analyzed peat bog were characterized by the following sequence: muckous soils → peat-muck soils → peat soils. Their properties depended on the position in the soil relief, advancement of muck formation and content of organic carbon. It has been found out that the highest soil ash content in the surface horizons was in muckous soil (90.39%), and the lowest – in profile 3 of peat-muck soil (18.77%). The reaction of the analyzed soils ranged from slightly acidic to neutral and tended to decrease towards the centre of the depression, reaching the lowest value in peat soil. During the two years of our observations, a total of 673 individuals of Carabidae belonging to 29 species were captured. It has been determined that the type of soil as a factor significantly affected the number of captured carabid beetles, but did not influence the species abundance. The decreasing pH gradient as well as an increasing content of organic C were associated with a decreasing number of the species of carabid beeetles tolerant to moisture conditions (mesophilous species), which were being replaced by hygrophilous individuals. As the acidic reaction of soil increased and the soil content of organic matter rose, so did the abundance of mixophagous species at the expense of predatory individuals.
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