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This work presents the results concerning the yielding (time of ripening, weight of clusters and berries, fertility of vines, percent of soluble solids, taste of fruits), winter hardiness and susceptibility to fungal diseases (downy mildew, powdery mil­dew, grey mould and excoriose) of 25 selected cultivars for processing. The investiga­tions were carried out in the grapevine collection of the Research Institute of Pomol­ogy and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Poland. This grapevine collection was estab­lished in 1992, and it is consisted of 234 taxons. Assessed genotypes differed consid­erably in terms of the examined traits. Berries ripened from the second half of August ('Reform') until the second week of October ('V 71141', 'Sibera'). In the years 2005­2009, vines of the hybrid 'V 64035' and cultivars 'Seyval' and 'Cayuga White' were most productive. Berries of 'Delaware' were characterized by having the highest level of soluble solids. Vines of interspecific hybrids were less susceptible to frost damage and fungal diseases than cultivars of V. vinifera ('Chasselas Dore', 'Ortega'). Inter­specific hybrids 'Seyval', 'Bianca', 'Sibera', 'Marechal Foch', 'Rondo' and 'Regent' were distinguished as having the best yielding and highest quality of fruit from among the assessed cultivars, for commercial wine making. 'Aurore', 'Delaware', 'Cascade' and 'Golubok' were relatively reliable in yielding, and their grapes may be used for the production of juice and home wines.
Phytopathogenic fungi and bacteria - causal agents of anthracnose, fusariose, grey mould, alternarial mould in lupine and bacterial blight in soya were isolated and identified. Microorganisms of genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Streptomyces with elevated antagonistic activity towards lupine and soya pathogens were selected. It was demonstrated that bacterial antagonists were able to suppress the development of phytopathogens both in vitro on agar nutrient media and on lupine/soya plants upon seed treatment. Selective action of antagonists against pathogenic species was established. Strains Pseudomonas aurantiaca S-l and Streptomyces anulatus M-46 were distinguished by the highest efficiency with respect to anthracnose and fusariose of lupine cultivars while bacteria Bacillus subtilis M-22 and Bacillus subtilis M-1 inhibited spread of lupine grey mould. Streptomycetes and bacilli displayed superior activity in control of soya bacterial blight. Based on the obtained findings biological method of lupine seed disinfection was elaborated and tested in field experiments. Completed investigations proved attractive prospects of biological method to control pathologies of leguminous crops as an ecologically safe alternative to chemical pesticides.
The object of the studies was to assess the effectiveness of the product Olejan 85 EC (85% rapeseed oil) against the disease casual agents of powdery mildew, rust, leaf spot and grey mould. Depending on a casual agent, Olejan 85 EC at the concentration of 1% was used for 2-6 spraying treatments at 7-day intervals. The results of performed experiments revealed that Olejan 85 EC used as a curative spraying treatment on rose and pansy plants significantly reduced the development of powdery mildew. After 4 treatments, it caused a 3.3-fold reduction to complete inhibition of Sphaerotheca pannosa var. rosae development on roses. In the case of pansy plants, it caused a complete inhibition of the development of the fungus S. humuli. The preparation Olejan 85 EC applied curatively against leaf spot, significantly inhibited the development of this disease on rose and pansy. After 6 spray treatments, the product caused at least a 1.9-fold reduction in the development of Diplocarpon rosae on rose. On pansy plants, after 4 applications, it caused a 3.1-to-4-fold reduction in the development of Colletotrichum spp. Olejan 85 EC applied as a curative spraying treatment on chrysanthemum and willow inhibited the development of rust. After 4 applications on chrysanthemum, the product caused at least a 2-fold reduction in the development of Puccinia horiana, with 58% of brown and malformed telia. In the protection of willow, after 2 applications, Olejan 85 EC caused at least a 2.3-fold reduction in the development of Melampsora epitea, and from 32 to 75% of the uredinia turned brown and malformed.
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