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The objective of this experiment was to investigate the effect of various concentrations of sucrose, 6-(γ,γ-dimethylallylamino)-purine (2iP) and pH values of Lloyd’s and McCown’s medium (1981, WPM) on the induction of lateral shoot growth in Chamaedaphne calyculata (L.) Moench. The explants were 2–3 cm nodal sections without the apex, with preserved leaves, from plants grown in vitro. The highest regenerative capacity was observed in culture media without cytokinin, with 58 mM sucrose content and pH 5.0. The lowest capacity for shoot organogenesis was reported in media with pH 5.6 with a higher sucrose content (88 mM) and 25 μM of 2iP. 80% of rooted explants were successfully transferred to ex vitro conditions. The survival rate of plantlets reached around 60% after three months of greenhouse cultivation.
The aim of this study was to investigate of the consequent influence of auxins: IAA, IBA, NAA, used in the medium in vitro in the concentrations: 5, 10, 20, 40 μM, on the growth and development of Columnea hirta plants in the greenhouse. Microcuttings were planted in the sphagnum peat and coconut fibre. The planting was compared in two terms: spring and summer. Auxins used for the rooting of shoots in tissue culture had an influence on the capability for acclimatization and development of the microcuttings. The best quality of plants was observed when microcuttings were rooted in vitro on the medium containing 20 μM IBA, and then were cultured in the sphagnum peat during spring season.
W pracy określono straty wody i składników pokarmowych w systemie nawadniania kroplowego w szklarni, przy uprawie róż na substracie torfowym. Odpływy mierzono metodą naczynia cechowanego w trzech terminach, w których stosowano 2 lub 3 cykle nawadniania różnymi dawkami. Ponadto w laboratorium metodami referencyjnymi oznaczano w próbach uśrednionych pożywki i odcieków, stężenia 8 składników pokarmowych: N–NH4+, N–NO2–, N–NO3 –, PO4 3–, K+, SO4 2–, Ca2+ oraz Mg2+. Na podstawie pomierzonych objętości odcieków i stężeń zawartych w nich składników pokarmowych, z drugiej zaś strony w oparciu o objętości i stężenia składników w dostarczanej roślinom pożywce obliczono odpowiednio ładunki odprowadzane i wprowadzane do systemu, a z ich ilorazu ustalono procent strat składników pokarmowych. Analiza wyników badań wykazała duże zróżnicowanie objętości odpływu odcieków w zależności od wielkości nawadniającej dawki polewowej lub dobowej oraz ze względu na liczbę cykli realizowanych w ciągu dnia. W pracy wykazano potencjalne możliwości zmniejszenia strat wody w systemie nawadniania, które w zależności od wariantu obliczeniowego wyniosły w warunkach doświadczenia od 21,6 do 99,8%. Stwierdzono również wzrost stężeń Mg2+, SO4 2–, K+, N–NO2– w stosunku do pożywki podawanej roślinom, czyli odnotowano tzw. zjawisko zatężania odcieków. Ze względu na to zjawisko w przypadku tych samych 4 składników pokarmowych stwierdzono średnio największe, bo 70–90% straty ilościowe. Należy jednak podkreślić, że straty składników pokarmowych wystąpiły w każdym terminie badawczym i dotyczyły w różnym stopniu wszystkich badanych składników.
Yield and fruit quality of cucumber depend on such factors as plant cultivar, plant nutrition and the cultivation method. The presented paper contains results confirming the usefulness of rockwool and coconut fibre as well as the application of the fertigation system in cucumber growing. Studies on the growing of cucumber Onyks F1 cultivar were carried out in the years 2003–2005 in an unheated greenhouse. A two-factorial experiment was established. One experimental factor consisted in the fertigation control methods including Soltimer device and the starting tray. The other factor included substrate types: rockwool Agroban and coconut fibre Ceres. Plant distribution was 2 plants per one square metre. On the basis of the presented studies, it was found that greenhouse cucumber yielding was influenced by the frequency of nutrient supply, by climatic conditions in the given year and by the applied substrate type. The applied media of rockwool Agroban and coconut fibre Ceres did not exert any influence on plant yielding. On the other hand, a significant effect on the total and the marketable fruit yield was exerted by the cooperation between the fertigation control method and the substrate type.
Mycorrhizal fungi are gaining interest in the floriculture sector due to the beneficial effects on a crop performance and ornamental quality. The aim of the current study was to assess the effect of inoculation with the arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi Rhizophagus irregularis on ornamental quality of Begonia × semperflorens-cultorum grown in two different protected cultivation systems: a shadehouse or glasshouse. The inoculated plants incurred a significant increase of plant height by 34.6%, lateral shoot length by 27.9%, number of lateral shoots by 41.2%, number of flowers per plant by 102.9%, flower diameter by 27.5%, and stems dry weight by 263.6%. High temperatures in the glasshouse negatively affected the AM root colonization. On the contrary, shading induced higher mycorrhizal colonization (48.6%) and increased plant height, number of lateral shoots, number of flowers per plant and flower diameter compared to the glasshouse environment. Taking all together, our results clearly demonstrated that mycorrhizal inoculation at transplanting and shading may be beneficial to floriculture growers wishing to produce high quality B. semperflorens-cultorum plants during the spring-summer season.
The present study was conducted to determine the quantitative effects of light and temperature on growth and development of organic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) seedlings in a glasshouse under ecological conditions of Samsun Province of Turkey. Seedlings were grown in four different periods (seeds sown on 29 September for 1st period; 2 December for 2nd period; 18 March for 3rd period and 6 July for 4th period). In order to create different light intensities, shading material having a shading capacity of 50% in 1, 2 and 3 layers was used in each period after seeding. The effects of light and temperature on plant growth and development (leaf area, stomatal conductivity, leaf chlorophyll content, plant height, stem diameter and total plant vegetative dry weight) and the number of days from sowing to plantation of seedlings, were investigated. Obtained results revealed decreasing number of days from sowing to seedling plantation with increasing light intensities. Finally, the number of days from sowing to seedling plantation to be used in organic tomato seedling production was modeled based on the variations in temperature and light intensity (r2 = 0.92).
Identification of cultivars is essential both in breeding and to settle cultivar disputes. The purpose of the study has been to examine cultivar identities based on absorption spectra of plant pigments and to confirm a genetic stability with SCoT and RAPD molecular markers in new Polish lines of Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Spectral analysis of pigments extracted from plant inflorescences in quinoa gives an opportunity to confirm the cultivar identity and identification of ‘Faro’ and ‘Titicaca’ cultivars and their new lines. Spectral analysis is an effective method of confirming cultivar identity and it should be used in practice for the identification of cultivars or cultivars lines in Chenopodium quinoa Willd. Analysis of molecular markers indicated by RAPD as well as SCoT technique revealed a high genetic stability of the derivative lines of ‘Faro’ and ‘Titicaca’, while variation was detected in plants representing original cultivars: banding pattern different than predominant was present in three plants of ‘Titicaca’ (genetic distnaces from 7.5% to 55.9%) and in a single plant of ‘Faro’(genetic distance 61.2% as indicated by SCoT technique).
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