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A field experiment was conducted in central-eastern Poland in the years 1999-2003. It analyzed the effect of catch crop green fertilizers on soil humidity in a three-year-long crop vegetable rotation (white cabbage, onion, red beet). Oats, field pea and spring vetch cultivated in pure sowing and as mixtures were used as green fertilizers. The effect of green manures was compared with ploughed in farmland manure in the dose of 25 t·ha-1 and the control without any organic fertilization. White cabbage was grown in the first year after organic fertilization, onion – in the second and red beet – in the third.
The experiment described in the paper was carried out in 1997–2001. The successive effect of green manure in the form of forecrop plants on crops and selected elements of nutritive value of red beet was studied. Two forms of forecrop utilization were used – the whole biomass and post-harvest residues. The fertilizing effect of green manures was compared with farmyard manure at the dose of 25 t·ha⁻¹ and with cultivation without organic fertilization. Red beets were grown in the third year after organic fertilization. Green manure had a positive effect on red beet crops. The highest total and marketable yields were obtained after oat as well as the mixes of vetch with field pea and vetch with oat were ploughed under. The greatest amount of dry matter was found in red beet grown after field pea. The greatest sugar content was found in red beet grown after the mix of vetch with oat and field pea and after field pea.
W latach 1988-1995 prowadzono statyczne doświadczenie polowe na glebie płowej wytworzonej z piasku gliniastego mocnego. W doświadczeniu zastosowano dwa sposoby nawożenia organicznego: I — podstawowe stosowane jeden raz w rotacji, A—bez nawożenia, B—obornik 30 t/ha, C-nawóz zielony z gorczycy białej, II - uzupełniające - bez słomy, słoma przyorywana jeden raz, dwa razy i trzy razy w rotacji. Na wyżej wymienione obiekty nałożono zmianowa- nie: rzepak ozimy - pszenica ozima - jęczmień jary. Porównywane sposoby nawożenia organicznego w latach o przeciętnym przebiegu pogody nie różnicowały istotnie średnich plonów roślin, Podczas dużego niedoboru wody i wysokich temperatur trwających od fazy kłoszenia do pełnej dojrzałości jęczmienia (1994 r,) nawożenie słomą zwiększyło plon o 17-21%, a nawóz zielony z gorczycy białej o 9.5%.
A field experiment was carried in central-eastern Poland inthe years 2000–2003. The effect of organic fertilization and liming of soil on yielding of celeriac ‘Odrzański’ cv., was analysed. The following types of organic fertilizers were applied: farmyard manure 60 t·ha⁻¹, rye straw 6 t·ha⁻¹, and green manures in the form of summer intercrops (phacelia, rye, winter vetch, faba bean). The soil was limed with 2 t·ha⁻¹ of the common calcium carbonate fertilizer. Celeriac was cultivated just before organic fertilizers were ploughed in. Analysis of the results indicates the dependence of yield on climatic conditions also. The greatest yields of celeriac were obtained after farmyard manure. Faba bean and phacelia were characterized by a very similar yield-forming effect to that of farmyard manure. The highest yields were obtained on limed soil.
The secondary effect of forecrop green manures on the vitamin C and protein content of red beet has been evaluated. Two forms of forecrop usage was applied, namely the whole biomass and harvest residue. Red beets were cultivated in the third year after organic fertilization. The beets that were grown after the mixture of vetch, oat and field pea as well as after oat was the highest in vitamin C. The ploughing under of the whole biomass of forecrop plants more positively influenced the protein content in beets than the ploughing under of the harvest residue alone.
The influence of green manures in form of forecrops (oat, vetch, field pea, and mixtures these of plants) and farmyard manure on crop and the content of dry matter and mineral elements in white cabbage, was examined. The highest yields of white cabbage were obtained after the ploughing the mixtures of vetch, oat and field pea and of vetch and field pea, and farmyard manure. The highest content of nitrogen was characterized by cabbage cultivated after mixture of vetch with oat and field pea, and vetch. One could notice more magnesium in cabbage cultivated after on organic fertilization than without it. Ploughing of all biomass of green manures influenced more profitably on the content of magnesium. The kind of organic fertilization did not influence the content of dry matter, phosphorus, potassium and calcium in white cabbage.
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