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The dependence of the content of various forms of nitrogen and absorption of N by cocksfoot grass on meteorological conditions was established in a field experiment. Correlations between the content of total nitrogen, protein nitrogen, N-NH4, and N-NO3 in sward and roots of cocksfoot grass and some meteorological elements, i.e. maximum temperature, minimum temperature, average daily temperature measured at 5 and 200 cm, air relative humidity, cloud cover, sum of precipitation, sum of evaporation and soil temperature measured at a depth of 2, 5, 10, 20 cm were analyzed. Correlation coefficients between the forms of nitrogen in the plant and the above meteorological elements were calculated, as well as multiple regression equations, multiple correlation coefficients and determination coefficients. No significant relationship between the forms of N (Ntotal, Nprotein, N-NH4, N-NO3) in sward and roots of cocksfoot grass and the course of meteorological conditions was clearly stated. The relationship between the content of N-NH4 in sward and Ntotal and N-NO3 in roots, and certain meteorological elements is relatively small and can be characterized by the value of determination coefficients, i.e. 0.166, 0.106 and 0.151, respectively. According to the statistical analysis, the absorption of nitrogen by cocksfoot grass depends to a relatively small though significant extent (R2=0.249) on certain meteorological elements. However, further research is still recommended.
The aim of our work was to investigate the antioxidant activity of Rheum palmatum extracts. Antiradical activity against DPPH and ABTS radicals, reducing power FRAP and total phenolic contents, were investigated in one-, two- and three-year-old roots of rhubarb fertilized with nitrogen at the rates of 50, 100 and 200 kg N/ha. It was proved that nitrogen dose as well as the age of plantation did significantly influence antioxidant activity and total phenolic of root extracts. The highest values were determined in one-year-old plants, antioxidant activity ranged the level of 112–203 μM Trolox/g and total phenolic compounds average content was 22 mg GAE/g FW. Two-year-old roots were characterized by 3–11%, and three-year-old ones by 15–23% lower antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds content. When nitrogen dose increased, polyphenols content, DPPH and FRAP values increased as well, although, ABTS showed a different tendency.
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The aim of the investigation carried out in 2006-2007 was to assess differences between 5 grass species and 5 species of plants belonging to meadow herbs in their ability to accumulate selenium. According to the results, among the grass species, the samples of Arrhenatherum elatuis L. had the highest average Se content (46 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.), and the lowest average Se amount was found in Holcus lanatus L. (24 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.). The content of Se in meadow weeds (70 μg Se⋅kg-1 d.m.) was approximately twice as high as in grasses (32 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.). Among this group of plants, the highest Se accumulation occurred in Equisetum arvense L. (103 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.) and the lowest – in Taraxacum officinale (59 μg Se⋅kg-1 dm.). Both in grasses and in meadow weeds, the Se content significantly depended on the amount of this element in soils. In the following species: Dactylis glomerata L., Arrhenatherum elatius L., Poa pratensis L. and Taraxacum officinale, the amount of accumulated Se was also conditioned by the soil’s abundance in organic and total C.
The transfer of radionuclide l37Cs from uncultivated different soils (natural pastures) to grass in northeastern Poland was evaluated. Samples of soil and grass were collected from the same area of about 1 m2 in the period from June 1994 to July 1995 twice a year. Grass was sampled from 1 m x 1 m squares by cutting to the plant base. The 137 Cs and 40K activity concentrations were determined by gamma spectrometry. The average concentration of 137Cs (to 10 cm depth) in the studied soils ranged from 17.94 Bq/kg to 37.78 Bq/kg dry weight. The average concentration of radiocesium in grass varied from 1.03 Bq/kg to 12.33 Bq/kg dry weight and depended upon the type of soil.
Recently, increased interest in the application of various biosorbents in metal ions removal has been observed. The paper presents a systematic characterization of new and commonly abundant low-cost bio- sorbents: above-ground plant parts of wheat straw and grass. Cr(III) was chosen as a model sorbate. The effect of the most significant process parameters (temperature, pH, initial concentration of Cr(III) ions on kinetics, as well as temperature and pH) on biosorption equilibrium was studied. Biosorption was found to be a quick process. The equilibrium was reached within 10-20 minutes. Biosorption capacity of the studied sorbents was intermediate when compared with other sorbents of plant origin ca. 20 mg/g, but since these materials are commonly abundant and of minimal cost, it is possible to improve wastewater treatment ef­ficiency by increasing the concentration of the sorbent. The kinetics of the process in the case of both biomaterials was described with pseudo-second order equation and the equilibrium of biosorption by wheat straw was described with the Freundlich equation and by grass with the Langmuir model. The above equations were chosen to achieve the best consistency of experimental data with the model results. Also, the mechanism of biosorption was investigated, and was determined to be physical adsorption. The paper also discusses the possible methods of utilization of metal-laden biomass, including non-de­structive elution with the regeneration of the biosorbent and ashing as the method of destruction and further concentration of metal.
Grasses' pollen produces allergens, which are the main cause of pollinosis in Poland and in many countries of Europe. In Poland the beginning of season falls in different days of May. Pollen monitoring was carried out in Lublin by volumetric method in years 2001-2004 by means of Lanzoni VPPS 2000 trap. Start of grass pollen season was marked by methods 98 % and Ʃ 75 as well as by the Clot's method. Differences between them ranged from 1 to 7 days. The most approximate deadlines of beginning of pollen season were qualified according to methods 98 % and the Clot's one, except year 2002. It was defined the pollen season in Lublin begins between 5. and 21. of May. In that study impact of meteorological factors on the beginning dates of pollen seasons was estimated. It was stated statistically positive, essential correlation among the beginning of season and the daily mean, the minimum and maximum air temperature.
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