Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) plants exposed to water deficit during ripening show altered agronomic and grain quality characteristics. Drought causes yield losses and seasonal variation in quality creating difficulties in the marketing and processing of grain, so improving the genetic adaptation of wheat cultivars to drought stress is an important objective in breeding programs. Some genotypes have been reported to have a tolerant response and could be used as genetic sources for drought tolerance. Five spring wheat cultivars from South America and two checks were evaluated in Uruguay. One controlled environment experiment was conducted in a split-plot design with two cycles of Progressive drought stress during grain filling. Agronomic characteristics as kernel number and aerial biomass decreased with drought stress. Significant genotype х treatment interaction with a decreasing effect was detected for root width, thousand kernel weight, and grain yield. No significant effect of drought stress was detected for root length or weight. Rheological properties were affected by drought stress increasing mixogram maximum height at peak (МНР) and mixogram time to maximum height (TMH). Significant genotype х treatment interaction was found for grain protein concentration, МНР and TMH. Cultivars with stable agronomic and quality characteristics under drought stress were found in this study. They could be used as genetic sources for resistance to this abiotic stress.
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