The objective of the study was to establish the ways of matching the requirements of nature preservation in Kurpiowska Valley with the possibility of rational agricultural activities there. Aside from that the point was to elaborate the principles of ecological and economic shaping of balanced agricultural areas using the Kurpiowska Valley as an example. The specificity of Kurpiowska Valley and resulting scientific issues were presented in the paper. The program as well as the scope of research carried out were described. The basic procedural principles of shaping ecologically and economically balanced agricultural areas were also quoted.