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1

Glycemic index and glycemic load of thirteen year old children whose waist circumference (WC) ≥ 90 percentile dependent on BMI

100%
Goluch-Koniuszy Z., Bonczek M.
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Technologia Alimentaria
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2011
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tom 10
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nr 2
Background. One of the reasons for the accumulation of fat tissue (including visceral fat tissue) in the body is an unbalanced diet in respect of the amount and the structure of carbohydrates and the value of the glycemic index (GI) and the glycemic load (GL). The research describing the dependence between the BMI (Body Mass Index), WC (Waist Circumference), WHtR (Waist-to-Height Ratio), and GI and GL indexes in adults exists but only a limited number of works discuss children during the pubertal spurt. Therefore the objective of this research is the evaluation of the State of nutrition of 13-year-old children with waist circumference > 90 percentile with various BMI, taking into consideration GL and GL of their meals. Material and methods. The State of nutrition (BMI, WC, WHtR) of 871 thirteen-year-old children of both sexes was evaluated and 230 children with WC > 90 percentile were selected (26.4% of the total number examined) and divided into three groups regarding the BMI. In 71 children (30.9% of the selected group) the method of nutrition, energy and nutritive value of menus, structure of consumption of food groups and GI and GL value were evaluated, on the basis of the analysis of their three day menus, which had been documented. Results. Significantly higher values of BMI and WC were ascertained in boys than in girls. No essential differences in values of WHtR index were ascertained between boys and girls. The analysis of children’s menus, in both sexes with a waist circumference > 90 percentile showed, regardless of BMI value, a low realisation of recommended energetic value of the diet and low realisation of recommended supply of: dietary fibre, fat, mineral components (K, Ca, P, Mg, Fe, Zn, Cu), vitamins (E, Bh PP) and liquids with simultaneous occurrence of protein in general and animal protein, sodium and vitamins (A, B2, B6) supply. A significantly higher supply of the most of aforementioned ingredients was ascertained in the boys’ diets. In the girls’ diets distinctive differences have been noticed dependent on the value of BMI index, in realisation of the recommended supply: Fe, vitamins A, B1; and for the boys in realization of recommended supply of dietary fibre, K, Ca, vitamins A, B2, C and liquids. The Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load of the basic meals - breakfasts, dinners and suppers - and an average GI and GL of meals from three days was significantly higher for the girls than for the boys. Depending on the BMI, the GI and GL value of basic meals and that of the average of three days were not statistically significant for the girls, although for obese boys they were significantly higher in breakfasts, dinners and suppers than for the boys with normal weight and overweight boys. Conclusions. In thirteen-year-old children with abdominal obesity, regardless of their BMI Index values, numerous dietary mistakes were ascertained, for example: improper number of meals during the day, resignation from basic meals and frequent snacking, unbalanced diet, improper consumption of basic food groups and medium GI and high GL of meals. Children’s diet might be the cause of the existing state of nourishment, including visceral obesity; it might predestine deeper disturbances in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism and that is why nutrition education in primary schools is necessary.
2
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Assessment of glycemic load and intake of carbohydrates in the diet of Wroclaw Medical University students (Poland)

100%
Rozanska D., Kawicka A., Konikowska K., Salomon A., Zatonska K., Szuba A., Regulska-Ilow B.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2016
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tom 67
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nr 3
Background. Glycemic Load (GL) is one of the indicators that can be used to assess the nutritional value of the diet. The results of numerous studies have shown that high glycemic index and/or high GL diets were associated with increased risk for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cancer. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate dietary GL, intake of food products which are source of carbohydrates and contribution of particular carbohydrates in students’ diets. Material and Methods. The study group consisted of 140 female students from Wroclaw (Poland) aged 21±1.6 years. The dietary assessment was performed using food frequency-questionnaire. The GL of daily food ration (DFR) was considered low for values <80 g, medium for values between 80-120 g and high for values >120 g. Results. The mean GL of the diets was 120.7±42 g. DFR of 12.1% of the students had low GL, 46.6% - medium, and 39.3% - high. Diets in the 4th quartile of GL were characterized by the highest energy value, total carbohydrate, sucrose, starch and fiber content and energy contribution from carbohydrates when compared with lower quartiles. Higher percentage of energy from protein and fats in the diets was related with lower dietary GL. The highest correlation coefficient between GL and weight of the consumed food was observed for sweets (r=0.67), cereal products (r=0.52), juices and sweetened beverages (r=0.50), vegetables (r=0.45) and fruits (r=0.44). In the study, cereal products, fruits, sweets, vegetables and juices and sweetened beverages consumed by the female subjects constituted respectively 26.6%, 12.8%, 11.4%, 9.1% and 8.8% of the total dietary GL. Conclusions. Lower dietary GL in the female students participating in the study can be achieved by limiting the intake of sweets and sweet beverages as well as consuming cereal products with a low GI.
3
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Glycemic load and carbohydrates content in the diets of cancer patients

100%
Czekajło A., Rozanska D., Mandecka A., Konikowska K., Madalinska M., Szuba A., Regulska-Ilow B.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2017
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tom 68
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nr 3
Background: Glycemic load (GL) is used to evaluate how various food products affect blood sugar level. According to some studies, high dietary GL may increase the risk of cancer development and recurrence. Objective: The aim of the study was to assess dietary glycemic load and intake of carbohydrates derived from various food products by patients staying on an oncological ward. Material and methods: The study group included 100 cancer patients aged 19-83 years (59.6 ± 11.3 years). GL, energy and nutrient intake was estimated based on the data from the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). The correlations between dietary GL and consumption of 18 groups of products were assessed. Results: The average GL per 1000 kcal was 61.0 ± 8.6 g in the diets of men and 56.2 ± 9.5 g in the diets of women. High GL (>120 g) was observed in 76% of analyzed diets. The diets of men had higher GL, energy and sucrose content than the diets of women. Men, in comparison to women, consumed more refined grain products (144.1 ± 78.2 g vs. 95.5 ± 67.8 g), beverages (236.4 ± 344.7 g vs. 69.2 ± 173.0 g), honey and sugar (28.0 ± 22.2 g vs. 16.7 ± 18.0 g), dark chocolate (4.5 ± 4.5 g vs. 3.9 ± 6.7 g), sweets (66.1 ± 56.6 g vs. 38.8 ± 39.5 g) and soups (313.3 ± 105.3 g vs. 260.8 ± 160.3 g). Conclusions: Analyzed diets were characterized by high GL and simple sugars content. Men consumed more refined and sweetened products than women. The improvement of knowledge about proper nutrition is needed in studied group of cancer patients.
4
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Comparison of nutritional value of "fruit and vegetables" and "western" dietary patterns identified in a group of cancer patients

80%
Czekajlo A., Rozanska D., Mandecka A., Konikowska K., Madalinska M., Regulska-Ilow B.
Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny
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2017
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tom 68
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nr 4
Background. Dietary patterns (DPs) are defined as the amounts, types and combinations of various food products in habitual diets and the frequency of their consumption. Dietary pattern analysis is usually performed in order to assess the combined effect of consumed food products on health. Objective. The aim of the study was to assess and compare the nutritional value of dietary patterns identified in a group of patients staying on the oncological ward. Material and methods. The study group consisted of 100 patients (51 women and 49 men) aged 19-83 years. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) validated for the population of Lower Silesian Voivodeship. Results. Factor analysis identified two main dietary patterns explaining 25.6% of variance. The “fruit and vegetables” DP consisted of vegetables, fruits, juices, unrefined grains and nuts, seeds and raisins. Instead, the “Western” DP was characterized by the consumption of high-fat and processed meat and poultry, fried fish, refined grains, honey and sugar, fats, sweets, beverages and chips. While higher scores for “fruit and vegetables” pattern were associated with increased intake of dietary fiber, antioxidant vitamins, folic acid and decreased glycemic load per 1000 kcal and sodium intake, for “Western” pattern observed relationships were opposite. Women were more likely to have higher factor scores for “fruit and vegetables” DP and lower factor scores for “Western” DP than men. Conclusions. Dietary patterns identified in the study group differed in terms of nutritional value, in spite of similar macronutrient content in the diet. “Western” DP was characterized by lower nutritional value than “fruit and vegetables” dietary pattern.
5

The value of glycemic index and glycemic load of diet in the group of patients with colon adenomas

80%
Ciok J., Dolna A., Tacikowski T., Wajszczyk B., Charzewska J., Szponar L.
Polish Journal of Food and Nutrition Sciences
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2006
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tom 15/56
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nr Spec.Issue 2
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