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On the basis of 16-year crop rotation experiment, carried out on loess soil, changes of organic carbon content in the ploughing layer were analyzed. The increase of organic matter content in the studied soil was stated when the experiment terms (proper crop rotation) as well as stabilized organic and mineral fertilization were kept. It was also found, that the exent of soil organic matter reproduction was determined by cultivated plant and its place in the crop rotation.
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The dynamics of colloidal system in loess soils

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In horizons of brown soils - arable and forest, developed from loess - basic characteristics were determined and the mineral content of fractions <2μm. Mobility of fractions <2μm was found when determining the coagulation factor - K, stabilisation factor - St, and mobility factor - R. In model experiments the influence of CaCO₃ on the behaviour of soil colloids at humus level was defined. When calculating the relationship between the amount of colloids isolated in three centrifugations by water and the amount of colloids isolated by 0.2 % solution of Li₂CO₃, the eluviation factor of the fraction <2 μm was determined. It was established that in arable soil the eluviation factor of the fraction <2 μm is the highest at horizon A, whereas in forest brown soil the factor achieves its highest value at the browning horizon. The addition of calcium carbonate to forest brown soil lowered the value of the eluviation factor to a considerable extent. The coagulation, stabilisation and mobility factors changed distinctly. Almost a linear relationship exists between the reaction of soil and the value of eluviation factor. The factor calculated from fraction <2 μm allows determining at which pH values of soil solution the mobilization and leaching of soil colloids begins. It seems that such research will enable us to learn mechanisms of soil degradation under the influence of acidification, and define the methods of prevention.
The research on conditions and development of the Holocene denudation was performed in a region of the multicultural site in Panieńszczyzna near Lublin. The natural environment of the site, diversified relief developed in loess cover favored denudation processes throughout the Holocene. However, denudation was significantly activated not earlier that the second half of the Holocene due to human impact, namely deforestation and land cultivation. There were two phases of high denudation rate: Neolith (mainly the KPL period) and since 19th century AD.
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