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A detailed account is given about the mode of attachment and histopathological effects of Macrogyrodactylus clarii Gussev, 1961, a viviparous monogenean from the gills of the catfish Clarias gariepinus. Most parasites attach their haptors to the proximal region of the gill filament (primary gill lamellae), while few specimens were seen attached to the distal region. Attachment of the haptor was achieved mainly by the blade of the hamuli, but no evidence was found indicating the participation of marginal hooklets in the attachment. The hamuli of M. clarii penetrate into the interlamellar epithelium of the gill tissue. Some evidences were found to indicate that M. clarii may also utilize suction force during haptoral attachment. The pathological effects of M. clarii are manifested by breakdown of the coating epithelium, necrosis of the epithelial cells, vacuolations inside and outside the host cells, fusion of the gill lamellae, rupture of blood capillaries, infiltration of erythrocytes and degeneration and fibrosis of the interlamellar epithelium. The host response includes the appearance of lymphocytes, mucoid secretions and hyperplasia of the tissue at the site of attachment.
We propose to name as Lamellodiscus theroni sp. nov., the gill parasite of Diplodus puntazzo (Cetti) that was reported by Euzet (1984) as L. ergensi Euzet and Oliver, 1966 in Kerkennah Island (Tunisia). L. theroni sp. nov. was also found specific to D. puntazzo in Algiers Bay (Algeria) and in Gulf of Lion (France). The host specificity of various Lamellodiscus species on D. puntazzo is briefly discussed. Within Lamellodiscus, L. theroni belongs to the “ignoratus” group characterized by a “lyre” shaped male copulatory organ and to the “ergensi” subgroup, characterized by a complex morphology of the haptoral dorsal bars. L. theroni differs from the five other species of this subgroup (L. ergensi, L. kechemirae, L. tomentosus, L. sanfilippoi, L. baeri) by the morphology and the size of the haptoral dorsal bar. L. theroni, as well as, L. hilii, L. bidens, L. impervius, was only reported on the sparid Diplodus puntazzo. These parasite species are all considered as oioxenic.
Sixty-one specimens of the piranha Serrasalmus marginatus Valenciennes, 1837 were analyzed, aiming at assessing the community structure of their gill parasites. The samples were collected in lagoons of the Paraná, Ivinheima and Baia Subsystems within the Upper Paraná River Floodplain (Brazil). Host size and sex had little or no influence on the abundance and prevalence of parasites. The organization of the gill parasite infracommunities of S. marginatus was significantly non-random according to null models and ordination analyses. In general, parasite infrapopulations were not affected by interspecific associations or host characteristics (e.g. size, sex), what highlights the importance of local habitat characteristics to community organization of gill parasites of S. marginatus in the Upper Paraná River Floodplain.
One previously described and 1 new species of Nanotrema Paperna, 1969 are reported from the gills of Citharinus citharus citharus (Citharinidae) collected from the Niokolo Koba River, Senegal. Nanotrema citharini Paperna, 1969 is redescribed, based on the re-examination of the type specimens and new information obtained from material taken in Senegal (new locality record). Nanotrema niokoloensis sp. nov. is distinguished primarily by possessing a copulatory organ composed of a long thin tube with median portion usually coiled into about 2.5 rings and an accessory piece resembling a braid lying within the rings. Based on the presence of the dorsal anchors modified into paired haptoral spikes, which lack an associated bar, species of Nanotrema phenotypically appear to be related to those of Neotropical Rhinoxenus Kritsky, Boeger et Thatcher, 1988 and Indian Spicocleidus Agrawal, Tripathi et Shukla, 2005.
A new species Polylabris bengalensis (Monogenea, Microcotylidae) is described from the gills of the siganid fishes, Siganus javus and S. oramin from the coast of Visakhapatnam, Bay of Bengal, India. It most closely resembles P. mamaevi but differs in having unequal caeca terminating at different levels in the haptor, in the follicular testis forming a compact mass, in the presence of a thick layer of concentric muscles surrounding the genital atrium and in the terminal part of the male copulatory organ not recurved. The validity of various species of Polylabris recorded from siganids from different geographical regions is discussed.
The present study describes a new species, Ligophorus uruguayense, parasitizing the gills of Mugil platanus Günther, 1880 from the coast of Uruguay. It differs from all other species of the genus mainly in the shape of the ventral bar, the thick process at the distal end of the inner root of ventral anchors, the J-shaped penis accessory piece and the vaginal tube showing transverse annulations at its distal end, the host species, and geographical distribution. This is the first description of a species of Ligophorus from a mullet in the South Atlantic Ocean.
Erpocotyle microstoma (Brooks, 1934) Yamaguti, 1963, parasite of Sphyrna (Platysqualus) tudes (Valenciennes, 1822), is redescribed. E. schmitti sp. n., parasite of Mustelus schmitti Springer, 1939, is described. The systematic position of E. tudes (= Neoerpocotyle tudes) Cordero, 1944 and E. platensis ( = N. platensis) Mañé Garzón et Holcman-Spector, 1968 is discussed, concluding that both species are synonyms of E. microstoma. According to the present study, the family Hexabothriidae Price, 1942, is represented in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean by two genera: Callorhynchocotyle Suriano et Incorvaia, 1982 and Erpocotyle Van Beneden et Hesse, 1863, and by three species: C. marplatensis Suriano et Incorvaia, 1982, E. microstoma (Brooks) Yamaguti, 1963, and the herein proposed E. schmitti sp. n.
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