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Water quality parameters of floodplain lakes may be indicative of the intensity of groundwater recharge. The main assumption made in the study is that the direct influence of groundwater recharge is reflected in the vertical gradient of temperature and aeration along the whole water column. Considering this, we seasonally monitored physical and chemical properties of 22 oxbow lakes in postglacial river valleys (the Słupia, Drwęca and Łyna rivers) in temperate climate zone in the southern watershed of the Baltic Sea (N Poland). The results were compared with groundwater samples from transects of piezometers located near the floodplain lakes. The floodplain water bodies showed variability (both in vertical and spatial dimensions) in temperature, aeration and electrolytic conductivity, affected mainly by different sources of water supply. The temperatures and dissolved oxygen contents declined not only with the increasing depth of water and a distance from the river channel, but also a significant drop in the parameters’ values have been associated with groundwater recharge within the floodplain edge.
This article presents various aspects of the use and evaluation of geochemical background for different environmental media with a brief discussion on the origins, historical and present context, and application of this and other related terms. This subject has become one of the most crucial issues in geochemistry and environmental sciences during the last few years because of its application to environmental protection, land management, ecotoxicology and geochemistry. Three approaches (methods) of geochemical background evaluation are discussed: (i) direct, (ii) indirect, and (iii) integrated. In response to a strong need to reduce a large number of methods applied to background assessment, a plausible methodology based on archival data, including the results derived from determinations of Mn, Pb, Zn for quartzites, soils and Pinus sylvestris needles, from the Holy Cross Mountains (Świętokrzyskie Mountains, south-central Poland) has been proposed. This methodology belongs to the integrated approach to the background evaluation. Samples were collected in relatively pristine areas and statistical data analysis (iterative 2σ-technique) was used to eliminate outliers from the original datasets.
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