The complete nucleotide sequence of a Polish isolate of Beet soil-borne virus was determined for the first time. The genome organization was identical with those previously established for isolates from Germany and China. A comparison of the Polish isolate with others deposited in GenBank reveled high level of nucleotide identity, about 98-100%, throughout the genome analyzed. The ratio between non-synonymous and synonymous substitutions was rather low suggesting a negative selective pressure. The non-synonymous mutations were particulary frequent in triple gene block.
Advanced knowledge of the canine genome facilitates progress in studies on genome maps of other canids, including species considered also as farm animals. In this study canine BAC (Bacterial Artificial Chromosome) probes, harbouring three genes involved in sex determination (SOX9 - sex determining region Y- box 9, AMH - anti-Müllerian hormone and AR - androgen receptor), were mapped in the dog, red fox, arctic fox and Chinese raccoon dog chromosomes. Localization of these genes can be helpful in association studies focused on monogenetic intersexual disorders.
The characteristic features of higher plant mitochondrial genomes: size, structure, recombination activity and evolutionary dynamics, are reviewed with the emphasis on the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Phaseolus vulgaris. Among all examined eukaryotic organisms, higher plants were found to contain the largest and most complex mitochondrial genomes. The plant mtDNA structure in vivo and mechanisms of evolution are controversial. We present the currently accepted models and how these models correspond to mitochondrial genomes of several common bean lines.
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