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The aim of this investigation is to present the results obtained during the survey of Lithuanian consumers in order to identify their attitudes towards food with genetically modified organisms (GMO). Investigating the consumers approach to genetically modified (GM) food, the following were considered: consumers’ opinions on GMO were analyzed, their knowledge about the presence of food containing GMO on the Lithuanian market, the mandatory GM food labelling, the behavior to a transgenic product while shopping, as well as consumers’ willingness to purchase such products. Data were gathered through a survey of 1000 Lithuanian residents. The empirical results indicated that the majority of the respondents’ attitudes towards food containing GMO are negative. The older consumers with less income are more against GM food compared to younger, wealthier households. 72% of consumers know that if the food contains GMO it must be indicated on the label. However, many consumers who oppose GMO do not try to avoid paying attention to the components of the product listed on its label. Only about a quarter of consumers while buying a product look for such information. This indicates that consumers are not really interested in whether or not the product contains GMO.
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Transgenic plants - genetically modified food

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The analysis of changes undergoing in plant production and food industry enables concluding that food production in the XXIst century will additionally be based on genetically modified organisms. The article reports on general ideas concerning genetically modified organisms, selected transgenic plants and crop acreage planted to genetically modified plants in Poland and world wide. The government policy on transgenic food is analysed as well.
Progress, which is brought by new advances in modern molecular biology, allowed interference in the genome of live organisms and gene manipulation. Introducing new genes to the recipient organism enables to give them new features, absent before. Continuous increase in the area of the biotech crops triggers continuous discussion about safety of genetically modified (GM) crops, including food and feed derived from them. Important issue connected with cultivation of genetically modified crops is a horizontal gene transfer and a bacterial antibiotic resistance. Discussion about safety of GM crops concerns also food allergies caused by eating genetically modified food. The problem of genetic modifications of GM crops used for livestock feeding is widely discussed, taking into account Polish feed law.
The effect of physicochemical factors: temperature (20°C, 60°C, 100°C, 121.1°C), pH (2-9), inorganic and organic components, i.e. sodium chloride (5%, 10%, 15%, 20%), carbohydrates: glucose and starch (10%, 20%, 40%), proteins: casein (2.5%, 5%, 10%) and their combinations (e.g. prolonged incubation time at low pH) on in vitro detection of specific fragment of L. monocytogenes iap gene (453 bp) carried out using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were examined. The possibility of detection of the iap gene during apple and tomato processing as well as in their processed products was also tested. Results showed that two factors hindering detection of the iap gene were casein at all concentrations and processing applied to apples (initial pH 2.5-3.0) and tomatoes (initial pH 4.0-4.5) as well as prolonged incubation in low pH at 60°C.
In the 21st century there are two extreme trends which influence agricultural raw material production: organic farming and the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Considering the development of production, these two technologies are widely different. It is not our aim in our present article to commit ourselves to one or the other technology but we would rather like to present the effect of the two farming methods to one another.
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