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The genetic diversity of re-established population of endangered species Allium angulosum L. was tested as a one part of rescue program. Founder individuals were picked in Chropyně - Záříčí area (North Moravia, Czech Republic) and new population was set in Protected Landscape Area Litovelské Pomoravi (North Moravia, Czech Republic). The task was whether the newly founded population was made by representative individuals to cover (include) the genetic variability of source (mother) population. Items were tested with variability assay of six isozyme systems (G-6-PDH, AAT, PGM, EST, ACP, PGI) using discontinuous polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The method stated relatively sufficient level of variability on condition that new population would be raised to prevent genetic changes. Application of more tests checking the genetic diversity within population could be useful during reintroduction and management of endangered plant species.
The aim of these studies was to analyse the genetic changes induced by natural aging during long-term seed storage of rye. For this purpose, the AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism) technique was applied. In the experiment, DNA variation was demonstrated in seven-day-old seedlings of four seed samples of cv. Dankowskie Zlote, showing different levels of viability following long-term storage. Among the 362 AFLP fragments analysed, 73 had significantly different frequencies in at least one of the series. Principle Coordinate Analysis (PCA) based on molecular data revealed differences between the progenies of naturally aged seed samples with variable initial viability. It was clearly shown that materials with low viability differed in structure from highly viable ones, and that the population changes exhibited in the first case are preserved through regenerations. Although changes that were observed for initially viable samples were not so significant, they still occurred - probably as a result of genetic shift.
The effects of thiamine (vitamin B1) on the level of spontaneous or radia­tion-induced genetic changes in human lymphocytes in vitro were studied. Cul­tured lymphocytes were exposed to increasing concentrations of thiamine (0-500 Ug/ml) and irradiated with X-rays. The DNA damage was estimated as the frequency of micronuclei and apoptotic or necrotic morphological changes in fixed cells. The results show that thiamine alone did not induce genetic changes. A significant decrease in the fraction of apoptotic and necrotic cells was observed in lymphocytes irradiated in the presence of vitamin B1 at concentrations between 1-100 ug/ml compared to those irradiated in the absence of thiamine. Vitamin B1 at 1 and 10 Ug/ml decreased also the extent of radiation-induced formation of micronuclei. Vita­min B1 had no effect on radiation-induced cytotoxicity as measured by nuclear divi­sion index. The results indicate that vitamin B1 protects human cells from radia­tion-induced genetic changes.
The aim of this study was to identify genetic changes in rye seeds induced by natural ageing during long-term storage and consecutive regeneration cycles under gene bank conditions. Genomic DNA from four rye samples varying in their initial viability after one and three cycles of reproduction was analyzed by AFLP (amplified fragment length polymorphism) fingerprinting. Seven EcoRI/MseI primer combinations defined 663 fragments, and seven PstI/MseI primer combinations defined 551 fragments. The variation in the frequency of the seventy-four EcoRI/MseI bands was statistically significant between samples. These changes could be attributed to genetic changes occurring during storage and regeneration. However, the PstI/MseI fragments appeared to be uninfluenced by seed ageing, regeneration and propagation. A combined Principle Coordinate Analysis revealed differences between samples with different initial viability. We showed that materials with low initial viability differ in their response from highly viable ones, and that the changes exhibited in the former case are preserved through regeneration cycles.
The single copy sequence D22S16 from human chromosomal region 22q13.1 that carries a putative conserved gene, was used to probe a chromosome 22-specific cosmid library. Genomic sequencing of one positive, 40 kb long cosmid (C1155) revealed a hereto unmapped gene (a subunit of DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, POLR2F), a SOX9-related sequence and 12 expressed sequence tags. Although not parts of one consecutive gene, all 12 ESTs and, in addition, the polymerase gene are oriented in the same transcriptional direction within the genomic sequence represented by cosmid C1155.
A long-term callus culture from Luzula luzuloides leaf meristem subcultured for over one year was examined cytologically. In the control material most of the mitotic cells (95.97%) represented diploid level and standard chromosomes in terms of length (2n = 12AL). Aneuploidy occurred with low frequency (4.03%), with somatic chromosome numbers 2n = 13, 14 resulting from partial agmatoploidy. Karyotype analysis of control material showed differences in chromosome length ranging from 4.94 µm to 3.19 µm in prometaphase, 3.54 µm to 2.54 µm in mid metaphase, and 2.81 µm to 1.88 µm in late metaphase. Callus cells exhibited a wide range of chromosome number variation (2n = 7-48), although a high percentage of cells (61.39%) represented the standard karyotype (2n = 12AL). Variability in chromosome number and karyotype structure was a consequence of chromosome fission (partial and total agmatoploidy), chromosome fusion (partial symploidy) as well as aneusomaty and polyploidy. There was no evident correlation between the frequency of structural and numerical chromosome variation and the duration of callus culture. The cells with modified karyotype appeared in particular collections.
Porównano wpływ permetryny i fenwaleratu na indukcję zmian genetycznych w komórkach somatycznych i płciowych samców myszy łaboratoryjnych przy różnych drogach narażenia. Stwierdzono różnicę w oddziaływaniu ww. pyre- troidów na oceniane komórki w zależności od drogi podania.
Badano wiązanie rtęci (Hg2+) w warunkach in vitro z pełną chromatyną i jej składnikami oraz z chromatyną modyfikowaną, a także z rekonstytuowanymi kompleksami dezoksyrybonukleoproteinowymi.
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